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Mammalian sperm interactions with the female reproductive tract

机译：哺乳动物的精子与女性生殖道的相互作用

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The mammalian female reproductive tract interacts with sperm in various ways in order to facilitate sperm migration to the egg while impeding migrations of pathogens into the tract, to keep sperm alive during the time between mating and ovulation, and to select the fittest sperm for fertilization. The two main types of interactions are physical and molecular. Physical interactions include the swimming responses of sperm to the microarchitecture of walls, to fluid flows, and to fluid viscoelasticity. When sperm encounter walls, they have a strong tendency to remain swimming along them. Sperm will also orient their swimming into gentle fluid flows. The female tract seems to use these tendencies of sperm to guide them to the site of fertilization. When sperm hyperactivate, they are better able to penetrate highly visco-elastic media, such as the cumulus matrix surrounding eggs. Molecular interactions include communications of sperm surface molecules with receptors on the epithelial lining of the tract. There is evidence that specific sperm surface molecules are required to enable sperm to pass through the uterotubal junction into the oviduct. When sperm reach the oviduct, most bind to the oviductal epithelium. This interaction holds sperm in a storage reservoir until ovulation and serves to maintain the fertilization competence of stored sperm. When sperm are released from the reservoir, they detach from and re-attach to the epithelium repeatedly while ascending to the site of fertilization. We are only beginning to understand the communications that may pass between sperm and epithelium during these interactions.
机译：哺乳动物雌性生殖道以各种方式与精子相互作用，以促进精子向卵子的迁移，同时阻止病原体向卵子的迁移，使精子在交配和排卵之间保持存活，并选择最合适的精子进行受精。相互作用的两种主要类型是物理相互作用和分子相互作用。物理相互作用包括精子对壁的微结构，流体流动和流体粘弹性的游动响应。当精子碰到墙壁时，它们有很强的趋势继续沿它们游动。精子也将使游泳趋向于温和的液体流动。雌性道似乎利用这些精子趋势将其引导至受精部位。当精子过度活跃时，它们能够更好地穿透高度粘弹性的介质，例如卵周围的积云基质。分子相互作用包括精子表面分子与管道上皮衬里上的受体的通讯。有证据表明，需要特定的精子表面分子才能使精子穿过子宫管交界处进入输卵管。当精子到达输卵管时，大多数会与输卵管上皮结合。这种相互作用将精子保持在储库中直到排卵，并用于维持精子的受精能力。当精子从储库中释放出来时，它们会反复脱离并重新附着在上皮上，同时上升到受精部位。我们才刚刚开始理解在这些相互作用过程中精子与上皮之间可能通过的通讯。

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