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首页> 外文期刊>Cell and Tissue Research >Circadian rhythms in the morphology of neurons in Drosophila.
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Circadian rhythms in the morphology of neurons in Drosophila.

机译：果蝇神经元形态的昼夜节律。

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摘要

Neurons have an enormous capacity to adapt to changing conditions through the regulation of gene expression, morphology, and physiology. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, this plasticity includes recurrent changes taking place within intervals of a few hours during the day. The rhythmic alterations in the morphology of neurons described so far include changes in axonal diameter, branching complexity, synapse numbers, and the number of synaptic vesicles. The cycles of these changes have larger amplitude when the fly is exposed to light, but they persist in constant darkness and require the expression of the clock genes period and timeless, leading to the concept of circadian plasticity. The molecular mechanisms driving these cycles appear to require the expression of these genes either inside the neurons themselves or in other peripheral pacemaker cells. Loss-of-function mutations in period and timeless not only abolish the morphological rhythms, but also often cause abnormal axonal branching suggesting that circadian plasticity is relevant for the maintenance of normal morphology. Research into whether (1) circadian plasticity is a common feature of neurons in all animals and (2) our own neurons change shape between day and night will be of interest.
机译：神经元具有通过调节基因表达，形态和生理状况来适应不断变化的条件的巨大能力。在果蝇果蝇中，这种可塑性包括在一天中几个小时的间隔内发生的周期性变化。迄今为止描述的神经元形态的节律性改变包括轴突直径，分支复杂性，突触数量和突触小泡数量的变化。当果蝇暴露于阳光下时，这些变化的周期具有更大的振幅，但是它们在持续的黑暗中持续存在，并且需要时钟基因的表达是周期性的和永恒的，从而导致了昼夜节律的概念。驱动这些循环的分子机制似乎要求这些基因在神经元自身内部或在其他外周起搏器细胞中表达。周期性的功能丧失突变和永恒的突变不仅消除了形态节律，而且还经常引起异常的轴突分支，表明昼夜节律可塑性与维持正常形态有关。研究（1）昼夜节律可塑性是否是所有动物神经元的共同特征，以及（2）我们自己的神经元在白天和黑夜之间改变形状的研究将是有趣的。

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