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The synaptic proteome

机译：突触蛋白质组

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摘要

Synapses are focal hot spots for signal transduction and plasticity in the brain. A synapse comprises an axon terminus, the presynapse, the synaptic cleft containing extracellular matrix proteins as well as adhesion molecules, and the postsynaptic density as target structure for chemical signaling. The proteomes of the presynaptic and postsynaptic active zones control neurotransmitter release and perception. These tasks demand short- and long-term structural and functional dynamics of the synapse mediated by its proteinaceous inventory. This review addresses subcellular fractionation protocols and the related proteomic approaches to the various synaptic subcompartments with an emphasis on the presynaptic active zone (PAZ). Furthermore, it discusses major constituents of the PAZ including the amyloid precursor protein family members. Numerous proteins regulating the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton are indicative of the functional and structural dynamics of the pre- and postsynapse. The identification of protein candidates of the synapse provides the basis for further analyzing the interaction of synaptic proteins with their targets, and the effect of their deletion opens novel insights into the functional role of these proteins in neuronal communication. The knowledge of the molecular interactome is also a prerequisite for understanding numerous neurodegenerative diseases.
机译：突触是信号转导和大脑可塑性的焦点热点。突触包括轴突末端，突触前，含有细胞外基质蛋白以及粘附分子的突触裂隙，以及突触后密度作为化学信号的靶结构。突触前和突触后活动区的蛋白质组控制神经递质的释放和感知。这些任务需要通过其蛋白质库存介导的突触的短期和长期结构和功能动力学。这篇综述针对亚突触亚区室的亚细胞分级方案和相关蛋白质组学方法，重点是突触前活性区（PAZ）。此外，它讨论了PAZ的主要成分，包括淀粉样蛋白前体蛋白家族成员。调节细胞骨架重排的许多蛋白质指示突触前和突触的功能和结构动力学。突触蛋白候选物的鉴定为进一步分析突触蛋白与其靶标的相互作用提供了基础，其缺失的影响为这些蛋白在神经元沟通中的功能作用开辟了新的见解。分子相互作用组的知识也是理解众多神经退行性疾病的前提。

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