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首页> 外文期刊>Cell and Tissue Research >From CNS stem cells to neurons and glia: Sox for everyone
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From CNS stem cells to neurons and glia: Sox for everyone

机译：从中枢神经系统干细胞到神经元和神经胶质：所有人的袜

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摘要

Neuroepithelial precursor cells of the vertebrate central nervous system either self-renew or differentiate into neurons, oligodendrocytes or astrocytes under the influence of a gene regulatory network that consists in transcription factors, epigenetic modifiers and microRNAs. Sox transcription factors are central to this regulatory network, especially members of the SoxB, SoxC, SoxD, SoxE and SoxF groups. These Sox proteins are widely expressed in neuroepithelial precursor cells and in newly specified, differentiating and mature neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes and influence their identity, survival and development. They exert their effect predominantly at the transcriptional level but also have substantial impact on expression at the epigenetic and posttranscriptional levels with some Sox proteins acting as pioneer factors, recruiting chromatin-modifying and -remodelling complexes or influencing microRNA expression. They interact with a large variety of other transcription factors and influence the expression of regulatory molecules and effector genes in a cell-type-specific and temporally controlled manner. As versatile regulators with context-dependent functions, they are not only indispensable for central nervous system development but might also be instrumental for the development of reprogramming and cell conversion strategies for replacement therapies and for assisted regeneration after injury or degeneration-induced cell loss in the central nervous system.
机译：脊椎动物中枢神经系统的神经上皮前体细胞可以自我更新，也可以在由转录因子，表观遗传修饰因子和微小RNA组成的基因调节网络的作用下分化为神经元，少突胶质细胞或星形胶质细胞。 Sox转录因子是该调节网络的核心，尤其是SoxB，SoxC，SoxD，SoxE和SoxF组的成员。这些Sox蛋白在神经上皮前体细胞和新近指定的，分化的和成熟的神经元，少突胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞中广泛表达，并影响它们的身份，存活和发育。它们主要在转录水平上发挥作用，但在表观遗传和转录后水平上的表达也具有实质性影响，其中一些Sox蛋白充当先驱因子，募集染色质修饰和重塑复合物或影响microRNA表达。它们与多种其他转录因子相互作用，并以细胞类型特异性和时间控制的方式影响调节分子和效应基因的表达。作为具有上下文相关功能的多功能调节剂，它们不仅是中枢神经系统发育必不可少的，而且还可能为重编程和细胞转化策略的发展，替代疗法以及损伤后辅助再生或变性引起的细胞丢失提供了帮助。中枢神经系统。

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