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Characterization of the annual regulation of reproductive and immune parameters on the testis of European sea bass

机译：欧洲鲈鱼睾丸生殖和免疫参数年度调节的特征

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The European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L., is a seasonal gonochoristic species, the males of which are generally mature during their second year of life. It has been demonstrated that cytokines and immune cells play a key role in the testicular development. This reproductive-immune interaction might be very important in the sea bass since several pathogens are able to colonise the gonad and persist in this tissue, altering further reproductive functions and spreading disease. This study aims to investigate the reproductive cycle of 1-year European sea bass males by analysing cell proliferation and apoptosis and the expression profile of some reproductive and immune-related genes in the testis, as well as the serum sex steroid levels. Our data demonstrate that, in 1-year-old European sea bass males, the testis undergoes the spermatogenesis process and that the reproductive and immune parameters analysed varied during the reproductive cycle. In the testis, the highest proliferative rates were recorded at the spermatogenesis stage, while the highest apoptotic rates were recorded at the spawning stage. We have also analysed, for the first time in European sea bass males, the serum levels of 17 beta-estradiol (E-2) and dihydrotestosterone and the gene expression profile of the enzymes implied in their production, determining that at least E-2 might be involved in the regulation of the reproductive cycle. Some immune relevant genes, including cytokines, lymphocyte receptors, and anti-viral and anti-bacterial molecules were detected in the testis of na < ve European sea bass specimens, and their expression profile was related to the stages of the reproductive cycle, suggesting an important role for the defence of the reproductive tissues.
机译：欧洲鲈鱼Dicentrarchus labrax L.是一种季节性的雄性生殖，其雄性通常在生命的第二年就成熟。已经证明细胞因子和免疫细胞在睾丸发育中起关键作用。这种繁殖-免疫相互作用在鲈鱼中可能非常重要，因为几种病原体能够在性腺中定居并持续存在于该组织中，从而改变了进一步的繁殖功能并传播疾病。本研究旨在通过分析细胞增殖和凋亡以及一些生殖和免疫相关基因在睾丸中的表达谱以及血清性类固醇水平，来研究1年欧洲鲈鱼雄性的生殖周期。我们的数据表明，在1岁的欧洲鲈鱼雄性中，睾丸会经历精子发生过程，并且分析的生殖和免疫参数在生殖周期中会发生变化。在睾丸中，在精子发生阶段记录到最高的增殖率，而在产卵阶段记录到最高的凋亡率。我们还首次在欧洲鲈鱼雄性中分析了17β-雌二醇（E-2）和二氢睾丸激素的血清水平以及其产生所隐含的酶的基因表达谱，从而确定至少E-2可能参与生殖周期的调节。在欧洲鲈鱼标本的睾丸中检测到一些与免疫相关的基因，包括细胞因子，淋巴细胞受体以及抗病毒和抗菌分子，它们的表达谱与生殖周期的各个阶段有关，提示对于防御生殖组织起重要作用。

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