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Neuroglia in ageing and disease

机译：神经胶质细胞衰老和疾病

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摘要

The proper operation of the mammalian brain requires dynamic interactions between neurones and glial cells. Various types of glial cells are susceptible to morpho-functional changes in a variety of brain pathological states, including toxicity, neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Morphological modifications include a change in the glial cell size and shape; the latter is evident by changes of the appearance and number of peripheral processes. The most blatant morphological change is associated with the alteration of the sheer number of neuroglia cells in the brain. Functionally, glial cells can undergo various metabolic and biochemical changes, the majority of which reflect upon homeostasis of neurotransmitters, in particular that of glutamate, as well as on defence mechanisms provided by neuroglia. Not only glial cells exhibit changes associated with the pathology of the brain but they also change with brain aging.
机译：哺乳动物大脑的正确运转需要神经元和神经胶质细胞之间的动态相互作用。各种类型的神经胶质细胞在各种脑部病理状态（包括毒性，神经发育，神经退行性疾病和精神疾病）中易受形态功能变化的影响。形态学改变包括神经胶质细胞大小和形状的改变。后者通过外围工艺的外观和数量的变化而明显。最明显的形态变化与大脑中神经胶质细胞的绝对数目的改变有关。在功能上，神经胶质细胞可以经历各种代谢和生化变化，其中大多数反映了神经递质的稳态，尤其是谷氨酸的稳态，以及神经胶质提供的防御机制。胶质细胞不仅表现出与大脑病理相关的变化，而且还随着脑衰老而变化。

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