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首页> 外文期刊>Life sciences >Dynorphin and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis during fetal development.
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Dynorphin and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis during fetal development.

机译：胎儿发育过程中强啡肽和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴。

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Although dynorphin has long been considered an endogenous opioid peptide with high affinity for the kappa-opioid receptor, its biological function remains uncertain. The high concentration of dynorphin peptides and kappa-opioid receptors in the hypothalamus suggest a possible role for dynorphin in neuroendocrine regulation. This review will summarize evidence that support a role for dynorphin in regulation of the developing hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Dynorphin can exert dual actions on adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) release: (i) via activation of hypothalamic kappa-opioid receptors leading to release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin (AVP), and (ii) via a non-opioid mechanism that involves N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and prostaglandins, and which is not dependent on CRH or AVP. The primary site of action of dynorphin and NMDA appears to be the fetal hypothalamus or a supra-hypothalamic site. The non-opioid mechanism does not mature until a few days prior to parturition and is active for only the brief perinatal period. In contrast, the opioid mechanism behaves as a constitutive system with sustained activity from prenatal to postnatal life. It is likely that the two mechanisms may respond to different stress stimuli and play a different role during development.
机译：尽管强啡肽长期以来被认为是对κ阿片受体具有高亲和力的内源性阿片肽，但其生物学功能仍然不确定。下丘脑中高浓度的强啡肽和κ阿片受体提示强啡肽在神经内分泌调节中的可能作用。这篇综述将总结支持强啡肽在调节下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴的作用的证据。强啡肽可以对促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）释放产生双重作用：（i）通过激活下丘脑κ阿片受体激活释放促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（CRH）和精氨酸加压素（AVP），以及（ii）通过非阿片类药物释放其机制涉及N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸（NMDA）受体和前列腺素，且不依赖于CRH或AVP。强啡肽和NMDA的主要作用部位似乎是胎儿下丘脑或下丘脑上方部位。非阿片类药物机制直到分娩前几天才成熟，并且仅在围产期短暂期间起作用。相反，阿片样物质的机制表现为从产前到产后持续活动的组成系统。这两种机制可能对不同的应激刺激做出反应，并在发育过程中发挥不同的作用。

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