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Tramadol induces antidepressant-type effects in mice.

机译:曲马多在小鼠中诱导抗抑郁型作用。

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Tramadol is a clinically-effective, centrally-acting analgesic. This drug is a racemic mixture of two enantiomers, each one displaying different mechanisms: (+)tramadol displays opioid agonist properties and inhibits serotonin reuptake while (-)tramadol inhibit preferentially noradrenaline reuptake. The action of tramadol on the monoaminergic reuptake is similar to that of antidepressant drugs. Therefore, we have examined the effects of (+/-)tramadol, (+)tramadol and (-)tramadol in a test predictive of antidepressant activity, the forced swimming test in mice. Both (+/-)tramadol and its (-) enantiomer displayed a dose-dependent reduction on immobility; while the effect induced by the (+) enantiomer was not significant. Inhibition of noradrenaline synthesis, but not of serotonin synthesis, was capable of blocking the effect of (+/-)tramadol. The alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine, as well as the alpha2-adrenergic antagonist yohimbine, and the beta-adrenoceptor blocker propranolol countered the immobility-reducing action of (+/-)tramadol. Moreover, neither the serotoninergic blocker methysergide nor the opioid antagonist naloxone antagonized the effect of (+/-)tramadol. Our results show that (+/-)tramadol and (-)tramadol have antidepressant-like effect in mice, probably mediated by the noradrenergic system rather than the serotoninergic or opioidergic ones.
机译:曲马多是一种临床有效的中枢镇痛药。该药物是两种对映体的外消旋混合物,每种对映体显示出不同的机理:(+)曲马多显示出阿片样物质激动剂的特性并抑制5-羟色胺的再摄取,而(-)曲马多则优先抑制去甲肾上腺素的再摄取。曲马多对单胺能再摄取的作用与抗抑郁药相似。因此,我们在预测抗抑郁活性的试验(小鼠强迫游泳试验)中检查了(+/-)曲马多,(+)曲马多和(-)曲马多的作用。 (+/-)曲马多及其(-)对映体均显示出剂量依赖性的固定性降低; (+)对映异构体诱导的作用不明显。抑制去甲肾上腺素的合成而不是5-羟色胺的合成能够阻断(+/-)曲马多的作用。 α-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂苯妥拉明,以及α2-肾上腺素能拮抗剂育亨宾和β-肾上腺素受体阻滞剂普萘洛尔均能抵消(+/-)曲马多的固定性降低作用。此外,5-羟色胺能阻滞剂美塞麦肽和阿片样物质拮抗剂纳洛酮均不能拮抗(+/-)曲马多的作用。我们的结果表明(+/-)曲马多和(-)曲马多在小鼠中具有抗抑郁样作用,可能是由去甲肾上腺素能系统介导的,而不是由5-羟色胺能或卵磷脂的介导的。

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