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Pressure-specific and multiple pressure response of fish assemblages in European running waters

机译：欧洲自来水中鱼群的特定压力和多重压力响应

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We classified homogenous river types across Europe and searched for fish metrics qualified to show responses to specific pressures (hydromorphological pressures or water quality pressures) vs. multiple pressures in these river types. We analysed fish taxa lists from 3105 sites in 16 ecoregions and 14 countries. Sites were pre-classified for 15 selected pressures to separate unimpacted from impacted sites. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to split unimpacted sites into four homogenous river types based on species composition and geographical location. Classification trees were employed to predict associated river types for impacted sites with four environmental variables. We defined a set of 129 candidate fish metrics to select the best reacting metrics for each river type. The candidate metrics represented tolerances/intolerances of species associated with six metric types: habitat, migration, water quality sensitivity, reproduction, trophic level and biodiversity. The results showed that 17 uncorrelated metrics reacted to pressures in the four river types. Metrics responded specifically to water quality pressures and hydromorphological pressures in three river types and to multiple pressures in all river types. Four metrics associated with water quality sensitivity showed a significant reaction in up to three river types, whereas 13 metrics were specific to individual river types. Our results contribute to the better understanding of fish assemblage response to human pressures at a pan-European scale. The results are especially important for European river management and restoration, as it is necessary to uncover underlying processes and effects of human pressures on aquatic communities.
机译：我们对整个欧洲的同类型河流进行了分类，并搜索了能够显示特定压力（水形压力或水质压力）相对于这些河流类型的多种压力的响应的鱼类指标。我们分析了16个生态区和14个国家/地区的3105个站点的鱼类分类清单。针对15个选定压力对站点进行了预分类，以将未受影响的站点与受影响的站点分开。基于物种组成和地理位置，使用层次聚类分析将未受影响的地点分为四种同质河流类型。分类树被用来预测具有四个环境变量的受影响地点的相关河流类型。我们定义了一组129条候选鱼类指标，以针对每种河流类型选择最佳的反应指标。候选指标代表与六种指标类型相关的物种的耐受性/不耐受性：栖息地，迁徙，水质敏感性，繁殖，营养水平和生物多样性。结果表明，17种不相关的指标对四种河流类型的压力有反应。度量标准对三种河流类型的水质压力和水形态压力以及所有河流类型的多种压力作出了特别的响应。与水质敏感性相关的四个指标在多达三种河流类型中表现出显着的反应，而针对个别河流类型的指标有13种。我们的研究结果有助于更好地了解泛欧规模鱼群对人类压力的反应。结果对于欧洲河流的管理和恢复尤为重要，因为有必要揭示潜在的过程和人类压力对水生社区的影响。

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