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首页> 外文期刊>Limnologica >Dams in the last large free-flowing rivers of Patagonia, the Santa Cruz River, environmental features, and macroinvertebrate community
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Dams in the last large free-flowing rivers of Patagonia, the Santa Cruz River, environmental features, and macroinvertebrate community

机译：巴塔哥尼亚的最后一条大型自由流动河流，圣克鲁斯河，环境特征和大型无脊椎动物群落中的水坝

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Three large rivers have their headwaters in the Patagonian Ice Fields (PIFs) in the Andes Mountains, the largest mid-latitude ice masses on Earth: Santa Cruz, Baker and Pascua. They are the last large free flowing rivers in Patagonia, but plans are advanced for building dams for hydroelectric power generation. The three PIF rivers, with a discharge dominated by ice melt, share a common, unique hydrograph compared to that of the other eight large rivers in the region: a distinct seasonal cycle, and an extremely stable discharge, with much lower variability than other rivers. In this study we present the first extensive survey of habitats and benthic macroinvertebrates in the least studied system, the Santa Cruz River. We assess how much of the natural capital provided and sustained by benthic invertebrates are expected to be lost by flooding and discuss how dams would affect riverine habitat and biota. In the Santa Cruz River, we conducted an intensive field survey during September 2010; a total of 52 sites located at regular 6. km intervals were sampled along the 310 river-km for macroinvertebrates and seventeen habitat variables. Although some habitat structure is apparent at the local scale, the Santa Cruz River could be described as very homogeneous. Macroinvertebrate density and the richness (38 genera) found in the Santa Cruz River resulted to be one of the lowest in comparison with 42 other Patagonian rivers. Albeit weak, the structure of the macroinvertebrates assemblages was successfully described by a reduced set of variables. The reduced flow variation and the lack of bed scouring flows have a direct and negative effect on the heterogeneity of riverbeds and banks. The high turbidity of the Santa Cruz River may also contribute to shorter food webs, by affecting autotrophic production, general trophic structure, and overall macroinvertebrate productivity and diversity. Dams will obliterate 51% of the lotic environment, including the most productive sections of the river according to our macroinvertebrate data. Since Santa Cruz River has a naturally homogeneous flow cycle, dams may provide more variable flows and more diverse habitat. Our data provide critically valuable baseline information to understand the effects of dams on the unique set of glacial driven large rivers of Patagonia.
机译：三大河流的源头位于安第斯山脉的巴塔哥尼亚冰原（PIF）中，这是地球上最大的中纬度冰块：圣克鲁斯，贝克和帕斯夸。它们是巴塔哥尼亚的最后一条自由流动的大型河流，但已计划建造水力发电大坝。与该地区其他八条大河流相比，三处PIF河流的排放量以冰融化为主，共有一个共同而独特的水位图：明显的季节性周期和极其稳定的流量，其变化率远低于其他河流。在这项研究中，我们提出了对圣克鲁斯河研究最少的生境和底栖大型无脊椎动物的首次广泛调查。我们评估了底栖无脊椎动物提供和维持的自然资本预计将因洪水而损失，并讨论了水坝将如何影响河流生境和生物区系。在圣克鲁斯河，我们于2010年9月进行了深入的实地调查。沿着310公里的河流，以固定的6. km间隔共52个地点进行了采样，以获取无脊椎动物和17个生境变量。尽管在当地范围内某些生境结构很明显，但圣克鲁斯河可谓非常单一。与其他42条巴塔哥尼亚河流相比，圣克鲁斯河中发现的大型无脊椎动物密度和丰富度（38属）是最低的之一。尽管无脊椎动物，但通过减少变量集成功地描述了大型无脊椎动物组合的结构。减少的流量变化和缺乏河床冲刷流量对河床和河岸的异质性具有直接和负面的影响。圣克鲁斯河的高浊度还可能通过影响自养产量，总体营养结构以及整体无脊椎动物的生产力和多样性而导致较短的食物网。根据我们的大型无脊椎动物数据，水坝将消灭51％的抽水环境，包括河流中生产力最高的部分。由于圣克鲁斯河的水流自然均匀，因此大坝可能会提供更多的可变流量和更多样化的栖息地。我们的数据提供了至关重要的基线信息，以了解水坝对巴塔哥尼亚由冰川驱动的大型河流的独特集合的影响。

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