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Biodiversity patterns of nutrient-rich fish ponds and implications for conservation

机译：营养丰富的鱼塘的生物多样性模式及其对保护的意义

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摘要

Nutrient-rich water bodies are usually expected to host low species richness at the local scale (water body). Nevertheless, they can support a diverse and sometimes unique biodiversity when diversity is considered at a regional scale. This discrepancy between the two scales is well documented for natural water bodies, but little is known about biodiversity of artificial water bodies, like fish ponds. We hypothesise that nutrient-rich water bodies can collectively host high species richness at the regional scale. Thus, these are important ecosystems for the regional conservation of biodiversity. We investigated 84 fish ponds in the Dombes region, France, with five taxonomic groups: macrophytes, phytoplankton, macroinvertebrates, dragonflies, and amphibians. Species richness patterns were determined for α- (single pond), β- (between ponds), and γ- (regional pond network) levels. For most studied species groups, richness per fish pond and at the regional level proved to be relatively high in comparison with natural ponds in other landscapes. Contribution of α-diversity to regional diversity was highest for dragonflies with 41 %, and lowest for amphibians and macrophytes with 16 and 18 %, respectively. For macroinvertebrate families and phytoplankton genera it was intermediate. Contribution of β-diversity to regional diversity was similar for all species groups with 22–25 %. Furthermore, some ponds hosted a large number of less frequent species and some endangered species, indicating that the conservation of biodiversity of fish ponds must be established at a regional scale.
机译：通常预期在地方规模（水体）中营养丰富的水体的物种丰富度较低。然而，当在区域范围内考虑多样性时，它们可以支持多样性，有时甚至是独特的生物多样性。对于自然水体，这两个比例之间的差异已得到充分证明，但对人工水体（如鱼池）的生物多样性知之甚少。我们假设营养丰富的水体可以在区域范围内共同拥有较高的物种丰富度。因此，这些是区域生物多样性保护的重要生态系统。我们调查了法国Dombes地区的84个鱼塘，分为五个分类组：大型植物，浮游植物，大型无脊椎动物，蜻蜓和两栖动物。确定了α-（单个池塘），β-（池塘之间）和γ-（区域池塘网络）水平的物种丰富度模式。对于大多数研究的物种类别，与其他景观中的天然池塘相比，每个鱼塘和区域一级的丰富度被证明相对较高。蜻蜓的α多样性对区域多样性的贡献最高，为41％，两栖动物和大型植物的α-多样性分别为16％和18％，最低。对于大型无脊椎动物科和浮游植物属，它是中间的。对于所有物种组，β多样性对区域多样性的贡献相似，为22–25％。此外，一些池塘拥有大量不常见的物种和一些濒危物种，这表明鱼塘生物多样性的保护必须在区域范围内建立。

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