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An index to assess hydromorphological quality of Estonian surface waters based on macroinvertebrate taxonomic composition

机译：基于大型无脊椎动物分类学组成评估爱沙尼亚地表水形态特征的指标

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We developed an index (MESH - Macroinvertebrates in Estonia: Score of Hydromorphology) to assess hydromorphological quality of Estonian surface waters based on macroinvertebrate taxonomic composition. The MESH is an average score based on the affinities of selected indicator taxa to flow velocity and bottom type. As both parameters were highly correlated (r=0.65) indicator response to both parameters were combined. The list of MESH indicators includes 394 freshwater macroinvertebrate taxa derived from 3282 samples collected from rivers and lakes during 1985-2009. The indicators were selected out of 690 taxa, by applying the information-theoretical Kullback-Leibler divergence. The individual scores of macroinvertebrates range from 0 to 3, the higher scores indicating faster flow and/or solid bottom substrate. For standing waters, flow velocity was always considered zero. Among the reference waterbodies, mean MESH was the highest for small streams followed by middle streams, large streams, and lakes. In lakes with medium water hardness (the prevailing type in Estonia), the MESH decreased gradually from stony to muddy bottom. The highest MESH values for standing waters were observed in the stony surf zone of very large lakes (area>100km~2). The lowest values occurred for small lakes with exceptional hydrochemical characteristics (soft- and darkwater, and calcareous types). Similarly, MESH indicated stream degradation by damming. Mean MESH in reservoirs with a muddy bottom was significantly lower than in reservoirs with a hard bottom, or in unregulated stream sections.
机译：我们开发了一个索引（MESH-爱沙尼亚的大型无脊椎动物：水形态学得分），以基于大型无脊椎动物分类学组成评估爱沙尼亚地表水的水形态学质量。 MESH是基于所选指标分类单元对流速和底部类型的亲和力的平均分数。由于两个参数高度相关（r = 0.65），因此将指标对两个参数的响应合并在一起。 MESH指标列表包括394个淡水大无脊椎动物类群，该类群来自1985-2009年从河流和湖泊中采集的3282个样本。通过应用信息论的Kullback-Leibler差异从690个分类单元中选择了指标。大型无脊椎动物的单个分数在0到3范围内，较高的分数表示流动和/或底部固体底物较快。对于死水，流速始终被认为是零。在参考水体中，小溪平均MESH最高，其次是中溪，大溪流和湖泊。在水硬度中等的湖泊（爱沙尼亚的主要类型）中，MESH从石质底部逐渐降低至泥泞底部。在非常大的湖泊（面积> 100km〜2）的石质冲浪区中观察到了死水的最高MESH值。最低值出现在具有特殊水化学特征（软水和暗水以及钙质类型）的小湖中。同样，MESH表示由于筑坝而使水流退化。底部泥泞的水库的平均MESH显着低于底部坚硬的水库或未调节河段的平均MESH。

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