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首页> 外文期刊>Limnologica >The red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii in Europe: Impacts on aquatic ecosystems and human well-being
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The red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii in Europe: Impacts on aquatic ecosystems and human well-being

机译：欧洲红色沼泽小龙虾克氏原螯虾：对水生生态系统和人类福祉的影响

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Procambarus clarkii is currently recorded from 16 European territories. On top of being a vector of crayfish plague, which is responsible for large-scale disappearance of native crayfish species, it causes severe impacts on diverse aquatic ecosystems, due to its rapid life cycle, dispersal capacities, burrowing activities and high population densities. The species has even been recently discovered in caves. This invasive crayfish is a polytrophic keystone species that can exert multiple pressures on ecosystems. Most studies deal with the decline of macrophytes and predation on several species (amphibians, molluscs, and macroinvertebrates), highlighting how this biodiversity loss leads to unbalanced food chains. At a management level, the species is considered as (a) a devastating digger of the water drainage systems in southern and central Europe, (b) an agricultural pest in Mediterranean territories, consuming, for example, young rice plants, and (c) a threat to the restoration of water bodies in north-western Europe. Indeed, among the high-risk species, P. clarkii consistently attained the highest risk rating. Its negative impacts on ecosystem services were evaluated. These may include the loss of provisioning services such as reductions in valued edible native species of regulatory and supporting services, inducing wide changes in ecological communities and increased costs to agriculture and water management. Finally, cultural services may be lost. The species fulfils the criteria of the Article 4(3) of Regulation (EU) No 1143/2014 of the European Parliament (species widely spread in Europe and impossible to eradicate in a cost-effective manner) and has been included in the "Union List". Particularly, awareness of the ornamental trade through the internet must be reinforced within the European Community and import and trade regulations should be imposed to reduce the availability of this high-risk species. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
机译：目前从欧洲16个地区记录了克氏原螯虾。作为小龙虾瘟的媒介，它造成了本地小龙虾物种的大规模消失，由于其快速的生命周期，分散能力，挖洞活动和高种群密度，对各种水生生态系统造成了严重影响。该物种甚至最近在洞穴中被发现。这种侵入性小龙虾是一种多养性基石种，可以对生态系统施加多种压力。大多数研究都涉及大型植物的减少和几种物种（两栖动物，软体动物和大型无脊椎动物）的捕食，强调了这种生物多样性的丧失如何导致食物链失衡。从管理的角度来看，该物种被认为是（a）在欧洲南部和中部的排水系统的毁灭性挖掘者，（b）在地中海地区的一种农业害虫，例如食用年轻的水稻植物，以及（c）威胁到西北欧水体的恢复。确实，在高风险物种中，克拉克疟原虫一直获得最高的风险等级。评估了其对生态系统服务的负面影响。这些可能包括丧失提供服务，例如减少有价值的可食用原生物种的监管和支持服务，导致生态社区发生广泛变化以及增加农业和水资源管理成本。最后，文化服务可能会丢失。该物种符合欧洲议会第1143/2014号条例（EU）第4（3）条的标准（物种在欧洲广泛分布，不可能以具有成本效益的方式消灭），并已列入“欧盟”列表”。特别是，必须在欧洲共同体内加强通过互联网对观赏贸易的认识，并应制定进出口法规以减少这种高风险物种的可利用性。 （C）2016 Elsevier GmbH。版权所有。

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