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Effects of whole-stream nitrogen enrichment and litter species mixing on litter decomposition and associated fungi

机译：全流氮富集和凋落物种类混合对凋落物分解和相关真菌的影响

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摘要

Nutrient enrichment and changes in riparian tree species composition affect many streams worldwide but their combined effects on decomposers and litter decomposition have been rarely assessed. In this study we assessed the effects of experimental nitrogen (N) enrichment of a small forest stream on the decomposition of three leaf litter species differing in initial chemical composition [alder (Alnus glutinosa), chestnut (Castanea sativa) and poplar (Populus nigra)], incubated individually and in 2-species mixtures during late spring-early summer. To better understand the effects of litter mixing on litter decomposition, component litter species were processed individually for remaining mass and fungal reproductive activity. Litter decomposition rates were high. Nitrogen enrichment significantly stimulated litter decomposition only for alder incubated individually. Differences among litter treatments were found only at the N enriched site where the nutrient rich alder litter decomposed faster than all other litter treatments; only at this site was there a significant relationship between litter decomposition and initial litter N concentration. Decomposition rates of all litter mixtures were lower than those expected from the decomposition rates of the component litter species incubated individually, at the N enriched and reference sites, suggesting antagonistic effects of litter mixing. Conidial production by aquatic hyphomycetes for each sampling date was not affected by nutrient enrichment, litter species or mixing. Aquatic hyphomycetes species richness for each sampling date was higher at the N enriched site than at the reference site and higher for alder litter than for chestnut and poplar, but no effect of mixing was found. Aquatic hyphomycetes communities were structured by litter identity and to a lesser extent by N enrichment, with no effect of mixing. This study suggests that nutrient enrichment and litter quality may not have such strong effects on decomposers and litter decomposition in warmer seasons contrary to what has been reported for autumn-winter. Changes in the composition of the riparian vegetation may have unpredictable effects on litter decomposition independently of streams trophic state. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
机译：营养丰富和河岸树木种类组成的变化影响了世界范围内的许多溪流，但很少评估它们对分解物和凋落物分解的综合影响。在这项研究中，我们评估了小林流中实验氮的富集对三种初始化学组成不同的凋落物分解的影响[species木（Alnus glutinosa），栗子（Castanea sativa）和白杨（Populus nigra） ]，在春末至初夏期间分别孵育并以2种混合物孵育。为了更好地了解垃圾混合对垃圾分解的影响，对组成的垃圾种类进行了单独处理，以保留其剩余质量和真菌的繁殖活性。垃圾分解率很高。氮的富集仅对al木单独温育才显着刺激了凋落物的分解。凋落物处理之间的差异仅在富氮al木腐烂处比所有其他凋落物处理都快的地方发生，而氮肥丰富的地方才发现。仅在该位置，凋落物分解与初始凋落物氮浓度之间存在显着关系。所有凋落物混合物的分解速率均低于在N富集和参考位点单独孵育的组成凋落物物种的分解速率所预期的分解速率，这表明凋落物混合具有拮抗作用。在每个采样日期，水生菌丝的分生孢子生产不受养分富集，垫料种类或混合的影响。在每个采样日，富氮地点的水生浮萍菌物种丰富度均高于参考地点，al木凋落物的丰度高于板栗和杨树，但未发现混合效果。水生丝球菌群落是由凋落物的身份构成的，其次是由氮的富集构成的，没有混合的影响。这项研究表明，与秋冬的报道相反，在温暖的季节，养分的丰富和凋落物的质量可能对分解者和凋落物的分解没有如此强烈的影响。河岸植被组成的变化可能独立于溪流的营养状态而对凋落物分解产生不可预测的影响。 （C）2016 Elsevier GmbH。版权所有。

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