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首页> 外文期刊>Livestock Science >Interactions between the naked neck gene, sex, and fluctuating ambient temperature on heat tolerance, growth, body composition, meat quality, and sensory analysis of slow growing meat-type broilers
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Interactions between the naked neck gene, sex, and fluctuating ambient temperature on heat tolerance, growth, body composition, meat quality, and sensory analysis of slow growing meat-type broilers

机译：裸颈基因，性别和波动的环境温度之间的相互作用对耐热性，生长，身体成分，肉质以及缓慢生长的肉型肉鸡的感官分析的影响

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摘要

Influence of the Naked Neck gene, NA, on heat tolerance was evaluated in slow growing meat-type chickens in interaction with sex. Standard male Ross broilers were used as rapid growth controls. Fluctuating temperature was used to simulate day-night variations, i.e. 17 °C to 23 °C in normal and 27 °C to 33 °C in hot conditions. Male and female chickens were weighed twice and once a week, respectively, and Gompertz function was fitted to our data to calculate theoretical age at 1 kg (A1K) and 2 kg(A2K). Carcass, abdominal fat, breast and leg yields were measured (CY, AFY, BRY, and LY). Meat quality was evaluated 24 h post-mortem with pH and colour (L, a*, b*) of the breast, and 72 h post-mortem with breast meat drip loss (DL). Rectal temperatureand its variation were measured at the maximum and minimum ambient temperature at 1 and 2 kg (RT2_(min), RT2_(max), and DELTA BT_2 kg)- Hematocrit (HCT, AHCT) were measured at the same stages. Organoleptic characteristics of breast and leg muscles were studied for females from both ambient temperatures. Significant genotype x sex x temperature interaction was observed for A2K, AFY, RT2_(max), DELTA BT_(2 kg), and DELTA HTC_(2 kg). Hot condition did not affect DELTA T_(2 kg) and A2K in homozygous NA birds; DELTA T_(2 kg) was markedly increased in all other genotypes for males but not for females. Significant genotype x environment interactions were found only for A2K and CY. Sex x temperature interactions were found for all traits except for A1K, b*, pH, and DELTA HCT_(2 kg). In both conditions, males reached 2 kg at the same age (69 d) while females reached this weight 11 d latter in hot than in normal condition. Heat decreased CY in males (-1.0%) and increased it in females (+1.4%). Meat was paler inmales and darker in females in the hot condition leading to a difference in meat brightness between males and females only in the hot condition. Concerning sensory analysis, genotype x temperature interaction was significant for meat consistence, both in leg and breast muscles. Effects of the NA gene on susceptibility to heat stress were smaller in slow growing animals than in broilers. However, heat tolerance was still improved in homozygous NA slow growing birds, as shown by the limited change in diurnal variation of body temperature. Furthermore, the NA gene improved breast meat percentage. In contrast to broilers, where females should be recommended for production in hot climates, the present study would rather suggest that naked neck males from slow-growing meat-type 'label' chicken lines should be preferred.
机译：在与性别相互作用的慢速生长肉型鸡中评估了Naked Neck基因NA对耐热性的影响。标准雄性罗斯肉鸡用作快速生长对照。使用波动温度来模拟昼夜变化，即正常情况下为17°C至23°C，炎热条件下为27°C至33°C。雄性和雌性鸡分别称重两次，每周称重一次，根据我们的数据拟合Gompertz函数，以计算1 kg（A1K）和2 kg（A2K）的理论年龄。测量体，腹部脂肪，乳房和腿的产量（CY，AFY，BRY和LY）。验尸后24小时，用pH值和颜色（L，a *，b *）评估肉的质量，验尸后72小时，用乳腺肉滴失（DL）评估肉质。在最高和最低环境温度分别为1和2 kg（RT2_（min），RT2_（max）和DELTA BT_2 kg）时测量直肠温度及其变化-在同一阶段测量血细胞比容（HCT，AHCT）。在两个环境温度下都对女性的乳房和腿部肌肉的感官特性进行了研究。对于A2K，AFY，RT2_（max），DELTA BT_（2 kg）和DELTA HTC_（2 kg），观察到显着的基因型x性别x温度相互作用。高温条件对纯合NA禽类的DELTA T_（2 kg）和A2K没有影响;在所有其他基因型中，男性的DELTA T_（2 kg）明显增加，而女性则没有。仅在A2K和CY中发现了重要的基因型x环境相互作用。除A1K，b *，pH和DELTA HCT_（2 kg）外，所有性状均发现性别x温度相互作用。在这两种情况下，雄性在相同年龄（69 d）时达到2千克，而雌性在热状态下比正常条件下达到此体重11 d。热量降低了男性的CY（-1.0％），增加了女性的CY（+ 1.4％）。在高温条件下，雄性肉的颜色较浅，雌性则较黑，这导致仅在高温条件下，雄性和雌性之间的肉亮度存在差异。关于感官分析，基因型x温度相互作用对于腿部和胸部肌肉的肉质一致性非常重要。生长缓慢的动物中NA基因对热应激敏感性的影响要小于肉鸡。但是，纯合的NA慢速生长的禽类的耐热性仍得到改善，如体温的日变化变化有限。此外，NA基因改善了胸肉百分比。与肉鸡相比，应该建议在炎热气候下生产雌性肉鸡，本研究宁愿建议使用生长缓慢的肉类“标签”鸡种的裸颈雄性肉鸡。

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