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首页> 外文期刊>Livestock Science >The present status of 'quick tests' for on-farm analysis with emphasis on manures and soil: what is available and what is lacking?
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The present status of 'quick tests' for on-farm analysis with emphasis on manures and soil: what is available and what is lacking?

机译：用于农场分析的“快速测试”的当前状态，重点是粪便和土壤：有哪些可用而又没有什么？

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There is an increasing interest in on-farm testing of a variety of materials, from soils to materials produced or utilized on the farm, including manure. Among the issues to consider are selection of constituents of interest, e.g., fiber and protein in forages versus inorganic-and organic-N and P in manures; the nature of the testing, e.g., conventionally based assays using solutions or test strips versus portable instruments; the potential advantages or disadvantages of on-farm versus conventional laboratory testing, such as speed, timeliness, waste generation, and cost. The availability of on-farm testing methods varies greatly with both the media in question and the analyte of interest. For example, for manures several quick tests exist for the determination of total ammoniacal N (TAN) which can be quite accurate (R2 of .9 or better versus laboratory determinations), fast and reasonably inexpensive, while no such methods exist for the determination of organic-N in the same samples. No quick test has been found satisfactory for the determination of P or K in dairy or poultry manures, although excellent results have been obtained for swine manure. Similarly, soil test kits have existed for years for determining N, P and K, but no such test exists for determining soil C content (organic or inorganic), and no inexpensive method exists for forage quality determinations (fiber, protein, digestibility). Spectroscopic methods such as near-and mid-infrared spectroscopy have found increasing use in the laboratory for the rapid analysis of a wide variety of products including feeds, manures and soils and offer great potential for on-farm determinations. This paper discusses the present state, and future potential, of methods suitable for on-farm testing of the wide variety of materials from soils to those materials utilized or produced on a farm, with emphasis on manures and soils and spectroscopic methods.
机译：从土壤到农场生产或利用的各种材料（包括粪便），对各种材料进行农场测试的兴趣与日俱增。要考虑的问题包括感兴趣的成分的选择，例如，饲料中的纤维和蛋白质与肥料中的无机和有机氮和磷的关系;测试的性质，例如使用溶液或试纸与便携式仪器进行的常规分析;与常规实验室测试相比，农场的潜在优势或劣势，例如速度，及时性，废物产生和成本。农场测试方法的可用性随所讨论的介质和目标分析物的不同而有很大差异。例如，对于粪便，存在几种快速测定总氨氮（TAN）的方法，可以相当准确（相对于实验室测定，R2为0.9或更好），快速且价格合理，而目前尚无用于测定氨氮的方法。相同样品中的有机氮。尽管对于猪粪获得了极好的结果，但尚未发现快速测定可令人满意地测定乳或家禽粪便中的P或K。同样，已经存在多年用于确定N，P和K的土壤检测试剂盒，但没有用于确定土壤C含量（有机或无机）的这种检测方法，也没有廉价的测定草料质量（纤维，蛋白质，消化率）的方法。近红外光谱和中红外光谱等光谱方法已在实验室中用于快速分析包括饲料，粪便和土壤在内的多种产品，在农场中的测定具有巨大潜力。本文讨论了适用于农场测试从土壤到农场使用或生产的各种材料的各种材料的方法的现状和未来潜力，重点是肥料和土壤以及光谱法。

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