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首页> 外文期刊>Livestock Science >Manure as a key resource within smallholder farming systems: analysing farm-scale nutrient cycling efficiencies with the NUANCES framework.
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Manure as a key resource within smallholder farming systems: analysing farm-scale nutrient cycling efficiencies with the NUANCES framework.

机译：肥料是小农农业系统中的关键资源：使用NUANCES框架分析农场规模的养分循环效率。

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Smallholder farmers in Africa recognise the important role of manure in maintaining soil fertility. For smallholder farmers who use little fertiliser, efficient management of nutrients in manure is key for crop production. We describe a simple model to analyse the effect of manure management on the efficiency of mass and nutrient retention. We used on-farm data on manure excreted and manure management, experimental results, literature and fuzzy logic to model losses during manure storage. The model was used to analyse N cycling efficiency (NCE) within smallholder farms in western Kenya. Simulations showed that manure management during collection and storage had a large effect on the efficiency of C and nutrient retention. Differences in NCE between farmers of different wealth classes arose due to differences in resource endowment. For poorer farmers, large N losses occur at all stages of manure recycling. Urinary-N losses occurred on all farms but their impact on NCE for poor and medium-class farmers was larger due to the smaller amount of N recycled. With current management the poor farmer recovered <1 kg N y-1 in composted manure from 15 kg N y-1 excreted. Improved manure storage had little effect on increasing overall NCE for the poor farmer due to large losses before storage. For the wealthier farmer improvement of manure storage increased NCE and allowed recycling of 30% of N excreted (ca. 30 kg N y-1) with small investment in infrastructure. Covering manure heaps with a polythene film reduced mass and N losses considerably. For the poor to increase overall NCE, investment in cattle housing and recycling of urinary-N is required. Increasing cattle numbers or improved feeding would have a larger effect on manure availability but this is constrained by feed scarcity and investment capacity. The absolute amounts of N recycled (1-6, 4-17 and 7-18 kg N y-1 for poor, medium and wealthier farmers) were small compared with maize N demand (>50 kg N ha-1), but significant given the small farm sizes (0.1-1.1 ha). Although absolute amounts of N recycled with improved manure management may have little immediate impact on crop productivity, manure is often the only input available. Manure provides other nutrients for crops and maintains soil organic matter - both vital to guarantee efficient use of fertiliser N - which justifies the search for interventions to assist farmers make better use of manure.
机译：非洲的小农户认识到肥料在保持土壤肥力方面的重要作用。对于很少使用肥料的小农户而言，有效管理粪便中的养分是作物生产的关键。我们描述了一个简单的模型来分析肥料管理对质量和养分保留效率的影响。我们使用粪便排泄和粪便管理的农场数据，实验结果，文献和模糊逻辑对粪便存储过程中的损失进行建模。该模型用于分析肯尼亚西部小农户农场的氮循环效率（NCE）。模拟表明，收集和储存过程中的粪便处理对碳效率和养分保留有很大影响。由于资源end赋的差异，不同财富类别的农民之间的NCE有所不同。对于较贫穷的农民来说，在肥料回收的所有阶段都会发生大量的氮损失。尿氮的损失在所有农场都有发生，但由于回收的氮量较少，因此对贫困和中产阶级农民的NCE影响更大。在目前的管理下，这名贫穷的农民从排出的15千克N y-1中回收了<1千克N y-1的堆肥。由于储存前的大量损失，改良的粪便储存对贫困农民的整体NCE增长几乎没有影响。对于较富裕的农民来说，粪便储存的改善增加了NCE，并允许在基础设施上进行少量投资即可回收30％排泄的N（约30 kg N y-1）。用聚乙烯薄膜覆盖粪肥堆可以显着减少质量和氮损失。为了使穷人增加总体NCE，需要投资于牛舍和尿N的回收。牲畜数量的增加或饲喂质量的改善将对粪便供应量产生更大的影响，但这受到饲料短缺和投资能力的限制。与玉米的氮需求量（> 50 kg N ha-1）相比，氮素的绝对回收量（贫困，中等和较富裕农民的1-6、4-17和7-18 kg N y-1）很小，但显着鉴于农场规模较小（0.1-1.1公顷）。尽管通过改良粪肥管理回收绝对量的氮可能对作物生产力几乎没有立即影响，但粪肥通常是唯一可用的投入。肥料为作物提供了其他养分，并维持了土壤有机质，这对于保证氮肥的有效利用至关重要。肥料为寻求有助于农民更好地利用肥料的干预措施提供了理由。

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