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Long-lived worms and aging

机译：蠕虫长寿和衰老

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Several investigators have generated long-lived nematode worms (Caenorhabditis elegans) in the past decade by mutation of genes in the organism in order to study the genetics of aging and longevity. Dozens of longevity assurance genes (LAG) that dramatically increase the longevity of this organism have been identified. All long-lived mutants of C. elegans are also resistant to environmental stress, such as high temperature, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ultraviolet irradiation. Double mutations of some LAGs further extended life span up to 400%, providing more insight into cellular mechanisms that put limits on the life span of organisms. With the availability of the LAG mutants and the combined DNA microarray and RNAi technology, the understanding of actual biochemical processes that determine life span is within reach: the downstream signal transduction pathway may regulate life span by up-regulating pro-longevity genes such as those that encode antioxidant enzymes and/or stress-response proteins, and down-regulating specific life-shortening genes. Furthermore, longevity could be modified through chemical manipulation. Results from these studies further support the free radical theory of aging, suggest that the molecular mechanism of aging process may be shared in all organisms, and provide insight for therapeutic intervention in age-related diseases.
机译：为了研究衰老和长寿的遗传学，一些研究人员在过去十年中通过生物体内基因的突变产生了长寿命的线虫（秀丽隐杆线虫）。已经发现了数十种可以大大增加这种生物的寿命的寿命保证基因（LAG）。秀丽隐杆线虫的所有长寿命突变体还抵抗环境胁迫，例如高温，活性氧（ROS）和紫外线辐射。一些LAG的双突变进一步延长了寿命至400％，从而提供了对限制生物寿命的细胞机制的更多了解。有了LAG突变体以及结合的DNA微阵列和RNAi技术，就可以了解确定寿命的实际生化过程：下游信号转导途径可以通过上调长寿基因（例如那些长寿基因）来调节寿命编码抗氧化酶和/或应激反应蛋白，并下调特定的缩短寿命的基因。此外，可以通过化学操作来改变寿命。这些研究的结果进一步支持了衰老的自由基理论，表明衰老过程的分子机制可能在所有生物体中共享，并为与年龄有关的疾病的治疗干预提供了见识。

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