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Impact of response delay and training on user performance with text-based and graphical user interfaces for engineering design

机译：响应延迟和培训对基于文本和图形用户界面进行工程设计的用户性能的影响

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With recent computer advances, visualization techniques are becoming more prevalently used as decision support tools for parametric design and engineering optimization. Despite the apparent advantages of visualization techniques, we have found little evidence in the engineering design literature that assesses the impact of fast graphical design interfaces on the efficiency and effectiveness of engineering design decisions. In this paper, we present experimental results from an I-beam design problem where the importance of rapid feedback is investigated by incorporating time delays in the software response to "mimic" computationally expensive design analyses. Design efficiency is measured by recording the completion time for solving the design problem, and design effectiveness is measured by calculating the error between a submitted design and the known optimum. The impact of graphical feedback is examined by comparing user performance on three different design interfaces to determine if their functionality and graphical capabilities mediate the impact of response delays in the software or the amount of training needed. Experimental results indicate that, on average, error increased by 280% and completion time increased by 33% when a delay of 1.5 s was present, and the perceived workload significantly increased as well. Meanwhile, user performance improved and perceived workload decreased as the "richness" of the design interface increased. The combination of a rich interface with a fast response time, therefore, will lead to the "best" interface as one might surmise, but our work provides the first empirical evidence of the effect of response delay on user performance within a realistic engineering design setting. Implications for interface development for engineering design are explored within the context of our findings, as are suggestions for future work.
机译：随着计算机的最新发展，可视化技术正越来越普遍地用作参数设计和工程优化的决策支持工具。尽管可视化技术具有明显的优势，但我们在工程设计文献中几乎没有证据可以评估快速图形设计界面对工程设计决策的效率和有效性的影响。在本文中，我们介绍了工字梁设计问题的实验结果，其中通过在软件响应中纳入对“模仿”计算昂贵的设计分析的时间延迟来研究快速反馈的重要性。通过记录解决设计问题的完成时间来衡量设计效率，并通过计算提交的设计与已知最优值之间的误差来衡量设计有效性。通过比较三个不同设计界面上的用户性能来确定图形反馈的影响，以确定它们的功能和图形功能是否可以调解软件中响应延迟的影响或所需的培训量。实验结果表明，平均而言，当存在1.5 s的延迟时，错误增加280％，完成时间增加33％，并且感知的工作量也显着增加。同时，随着设计界面的“丰富性”增加，用户性能得到改善，工作负载的感知减少。因此，丰富的界面与快速的响应时间的结合将导致“最佳”界面，这可能是人们可能会猜到的，但是我们的工作提供了在实际工程设计环境中响应延迟对用户性能的影响的第一个经验证据。 。在研究结果的范围内探讨了对工程设计的界面开发的影响，以及对未来工作的建议。

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