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首页> 外文期刊>Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems >Research on subsoil biopores and their functions in organically managed soils: A review
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Research on subsoil biopores and their functions in organically managed soils: A review

机译：有机管理土壤中地下土壤生物孔及其功能研究进展

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The living soil is the basis for crop production in organic agriculture. Biopores are voids in the soil which were formed by the activity of soil life. The first scientific studies on biopores were published in the 1870s-90s by Victor Hensen who stated that earthworms were opening channels to the subsoil and coating them with humus, thus creating a beneficial environment for root growth. His work was originally widely recognized, but then research on biopores was neglected for many decades and was only revitalized with the rise of ecological concerns in the 1960s. In recent times, biopores have attracted the attention of agronomists with a focus on organic agriculture. New visualization techniques, such as X-ray micro computed tomography, in-situ endoscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging have been applied. Biopores contribute to air transport through the soil, increase water infiltration, reduce water runoff and soil erosion, serve as preferential pathways for root elongation and can facilitate the acquisition of water and nutrients from the subsoil. The relevance of biopores for nutrient acquisition can be pronounced particularly in organic production systems, where crops are more dependent on nutrient acquisition from the solid soil phase than under conditions of conventional agriculture. Organic land-use strategies should aim to increase number, stability and quality of biopores. The biopore density can be increased by the share of dicotyledons in the crop rotation and by cultivating perennial crops with taproot systems. Moreover, density andin particularthe quality of biopores, e.g., the nutrient contents of pore walls, can be influenced by anecic earthworms which can be promoted by adapted tillage practices.
机译：活泼的土壤是有机农业中农作物生产的基础。生物孔是土壤中的空隙，由土壤生命活动形成。维克托·亨森（Victor Hensen）在1870年代至90年代发表了有关生物孔的第一项科学研究，他说earth在打开通往下层土壤的通道并用腐殖质包被，从而为根的生长创造了有利的环境。他的工作最初得到广泛认可，但随后数十年来对生物孔的研究一直被忽略，直到1960年代随着对生态问题的关注而复活。近年来，生物孔吸引了专注于有机农业的农学家的关注。已经应用了新的可视化技术，例如X射线计算机断层扫描，原位内窥镜检查和核磁共振成像。生物孔有助于空气通过土壤的运输，增加水的渗透，减少水的径流和土壤侵蚀，是根系延长的优先途径，并可以促进从地下获得水和养分。生物孔与养分获取的相关性尤其明显，在有机生产系统中，与常规农业条件相比，农作物更依赖于从固态土壤中获取养分。有机土地利用战略应旨在增加生物孔的数量，稳定性和质量。可以通过在作物轮作中使用双子叶植物的比例以及通过使用多年生根系种植多年生作物来增加生物孔密度。而且，通过改良的耕作方法可以促进的an的繁殖，会影响密度，特别是生物孔的质量，例如孔壁的营养成分。

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