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Influence of farm management style on adoption of biologically integrated farming practices in California

机译：农场管理方式对加利福尼亚州采用生物整合农业实践的影响

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We consider the adoption of biologically integrated agricultural practices from the perspective of farm management style, Adoption decisions for farming practices must fit into a broader farm decision-making context that incorporates economic, environmental, social, family and personal considerations, as well as use of agricultural information sources. Drawing from a study of California almond and winegrape growers, we demonstrate that management styles differ substantially among farmers, these differences affect use of information sources and adoption of biologically based practices on the farm, and such adoption does not negatively affect crop performance. We used Q-methodology, a method for eliciting qualitative data using a variant of factor analysis, to identify three distinct management styles among a purposive sample of 40 growers. The Environmental Stewards' management style places higher priority on conservation of natural resources than on getting the highest possible yields or profits. Production Maximizers, with a different style, prioritize more traditional goals of producing the highest possible yields and quality and focusing resources on the farm rather than on outside concerns Networking Entrepreneurs, on the other hand, value learning about innovative techniques in social contexts such as informational field days, evaluate new information with a business-like attitude and enjoy off-farm interests. A two-season mail survey of farming practices and information sources demonstratedthat differences in management styles affect the adoption of practices. Environmental Stewards were more likely to practice biological pest control and encourage wildlife and less likely to use the most toxic chemicals. Production Maximizers had a greater tendency to use prophylactic and broad-spectrum chemicals, while Networking Entrepreneurs preferred more innovative biological pest controls but tended to avoid time-consuming cultural practices. Production Maximizers were distinguished by less use ofmore social forms of communication, such as attending field days and talking with other growers. Crop health and quality indicators showed that almost all growers were managing their crops very successfully, regardless of management style or choice of practices. These results hold important implications for efforts to increase the adoption of sustainable agriculture, especially by showing that contents and methods of outreach efforts must vary to accommodate diverse farm management styles.
机译：我们从农场经营方式的角度考虑采用生物综合农业实践。关于农业实践的采纳决策必须适合更广泛的农业决策环境，包括经济，环境，社会，家庭和个人考虑以及对农业的使用。农业信息资源。通过对加利福尼亚杏仁和葡萄种植者的研究得出的结论，我们证明了农民之间的管理方式存在很大差异，这些差异影响了信息源的使用和农场上基于生物学的实践的采用，并且这种采用不会对作物生长产生负面影响。我们使用Q-方法（一种使用因子分析的变体来获取定性数据的方法）来从40个种植者的有意样本中识别出三种不同的管理方式。环境管理者的管理风格将自然资源的保护置于优先地位，而不是获得最大的收益或利润。具有不同风格的生产最大化者优先考虑更传统的目标，即生产尽可能高的产量和质量，并将资源集中在农场上，而不是外部关注上。网络企业家重视在社会环境中学习创新技术（如信息技术）的价值。野外活动时，应以业务态度评估新信息，并享受农场以外的利益。对耕作实践和信息来源进行的为期两季的邮件调查表明，管理方式的差异会影响耕作方法的采用。环境管理员更有可能实行生物害虫防治并鼓励野生动植物，并且不太可能使用毒性最大的化学物质。产量最大化者更倾向于使用预防性和广谱性化学品，而网络企业家更喜欢采用更具创新性的生物病虫害防治措施，但倾向于避免耗时的文化习俗。生产最大化者的特点是较少使用更多的社交形式的交流，例如参加田间活动和与其他种植者交谈。作物健康和质量指标表明，几乎所有种植者都能够非常成功地管理自己的作物，而不论管理方式或作法选择如何。这些结果对努力增加采用可持续农业的努力具有重要意义，特别是通过表明扩大努力的内容和方法必须改变以适应各种农场管理方式而具有重要意义。

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