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Darwin and Normative Ethics

机译：达尔文与规范伦理

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This article situates Darwin's views on evolution and ethics into contemporary normative categories of moral theory by looking at Darwin's treatment of ethics in The Descent of Man and discussing how Darwin's approach to evolution and ethics fits with several representative normative ethical theories (virtue ethics, natural law ethics, social contract ethics, utilitarian ethics, deontological ethics, and care ethics). A close study of Darwin's treatment of ethics that situates it among the ethical concepts and principles of the above normative theories is interesting, and helpful and necessary as today we seek to understand ethics against the backdrop of an evolutionary perspective on human beings. Ethics and human nature are distinct, yet theories of ethics always come with an attendant view of human nature. The moral philosophers Aristotle, Aquinas, Hobbes, Kant, and Mill-who provide important forerunners of normative theories on offer today-view human beings differently: their ethical theories have distinctive contours because of the particular aspects of human beings they regard as most significant. The same is true of Darwin; yet Darwin's evolutionary view of human beings, though admittedly quite unique among traditional moral theorists, does not lead him to an unfamiliar and eccentric view about the nature and content of ethics
机译：本文通过考察达尔文在《人的后裔》中对伦理的处理，并讨论达尔文的进化论和伦理学方法如何与几种代表性的规范伦理学理论（虚拟伦理学，自然法）相适应，将达尔文对进化论和伦理学的观点纳入当代道德理论的规范范畴。伦理，社会契约伦理，功利主义伦理，道义主义伦理和护理伦理）。仔细研究达尔文对道德的处理，将其置于上述规范理论的道德概念和原则之中，这是有趣的，并且是有益的，而且是必要的，因为今天我们寻求在人类进化观的背景下理解道德。伦理和人性是截然不同的，但是伦理学理论总是伴随着人性的观点。道德哲学家亚里斯多德，阿奎那，霍布斯，康德和密尔-霍夫为当今提供的规范理论的重要先驱提供了与众不同的观点：由于人们认为人类最重要的特定方面，它们的伦理理论具有独特的轮廓。达尔文也是如此。然而，尽管达尔文关于人类的进化论观点虽然在传统的道德理论家中被公认是非常独特的，但并没有使他对道德的本质和内容产生陌生而古怪的观点。

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