Adaptationism and the Logic of Research Questions: How to Think Clearly About Evolutionary Causes

Elisabeth A. Lloyd

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Adaptationism and the Logic of Research Questions: How to Think Clearly About Evolutionary Causes

机译：适应主义与研究问题的逻辑：如何清晰地思考进化原因

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This article discusses various dangers that accompany the supposedly benign methods in behavioral evolutionary biology and evolutionary psychology that fall under the framework of "methodological adaptationism." A "Logic of Research Questions" is proposed that aids in clarifying the reasoning problems that arise due to the framework under critique. The live, and widely practiced, "evolutionary factors" framework is offered as the key comparison and alternative. The article goes beyond the traditionalcritique of Stephen Jay Gould and Richard C. Lewontin, to present problems such as the disappearance of evidence, the mishandling of the null hypothesis, and failures in scientific reasoning, exemplified by a case from human behavioral ecology. In conclusion the paper shows that "methodological adaptationism" does not deserve its benign reputation.

机译：本文讨论了行为进化生物学和进化心理学中良性方法所伴随的各种危险，这些方法属于“方法论适应主义”框架。提出了“研究问题的逻辑”，以帮助阐明由于批评框架而引起的推理问题。提供了实时且广泛实践的“进化因素”框架，作为关键的比较和替代方法。这篇文章超越了斯蒂芬·杰伊·古尔德（Stephen Jay Gould）和理查德·C·列旺汀（Richard C. Lewontin）的传统批评，提出了诸如证据的消失，无效假设的错误处理以及科学推理的失败等问题，例如人类行为生态学的例子。总之，本文表明“方法论适应主义”不应该获得其良性声誉。

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《Biological Theory: integrating development, evolution & cognition》 |2015年第4期|共20页
作者
Elisabeth A. Lloyd;
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正文语种 eng
中图分类生物科学;
关键词
Adaptationism; Behavioral biology; Behavioral ecology; Evolutionary methods; Evolutionary psychology; Evolutionary theory; Female orgasm;

机译：适应主义;行为生物学;行为生态学;进化方法;进化心理学;进化论;女性性高潮;

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1. Adaptationism and the Logic of Research Questions: How to Think Clearly About Evolutionary Causes [J] . Elisabeth A. Lloyd Biological Theory: integrating development, evolution & cognition . 2015,第4期

机译：适应主义与研究问题的逻辑：如何清晰地思考进化原因
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Adaptationism and the Logic of Research Questions: How to Think Clearly About Evolutionary Causes

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