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首页> 外文期刊>Biological Theory: integrating development, evolution & cognition >The Anatomy of Motivation: An Evolutionary-Ecological Approach
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The Anatomy of Motivation: An Evolutionary-Ecological Approach

机译：动机剖析：进化生态学方法

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There have been few attempts to bring evolutionary theory to the study of human motivation. From this perspective motives can be considered psychological mechanisms to produce behavior that solves evolutionarily important tasks in the human niche. From the dimensions of the human niche we deduce eight human needs', optimize the number and survival of gene copies; maintain bodily integrity; avoid external threats; optimize sexual, environmental, and social capital; and acquire reproductive and survival skills. These needs then serve as the foundation for a necessary and sufficient list of 15 human motives, which we label: lust, hunger, comfort, fear, disgust, attract, love, nurture, create, hoard, affiliate, status, justice, curiosity, and play. We show that these motives are consistent with evidence from the current literature. This approach provides us with a precise vocabulary for talking about motivation, the lack of which has hampered progress in behavioral science. Developing testable theoriesabout the structure and function of motives is essential to the project of understanding the organization of animal cognition and learning, as well as for the applied behavioral sciences.
机译：几乎没有尝试将进化论带入人类动机的研究。从这个角度来看，动机可以被认为是产生解决人类利基领域中重要的进化任务的行为的心理机制。从人类生态位的维度，我们推断出人类的八个需求，优化了基因拷贝的数量和存活率;保持身体完整;避免外部威胁;优化性，环境和社会资本;并掌握生殖和生存技能。然后，这些需求将作为15种人类动机的必要和充分基础的基础，我们将其标记为：欲望，饥饿，舒适，恐惧，厌恶，吸引，爱，养育，创造，ho积，会员，地位，正义，好奇心，玩。我们证明这些动机与当前文献的证据是一致的。这种方法为我们提供了有关动机的精确词汇，动机的缺乏阻碍了行为科学的发展。建立有关动机的结构和功能的可验证理论，对于理解动物认知和学习的组织以及应用行为科学的项目至关重要。

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