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Protective roles of SIRT1 in atherosclerosis.

机译:SIRT1在动脉粥样硬化中的保护作用。

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SIRT1 is a NAD (+) -dependent class III histone deacetylase (HDAC) that mediates the effects of caloric restriction on lifespan and metabolic pathways in various organisms. It deacetylates both histone and non-histone proteins, and targets proteins with diverse cellular and tissue functions. In the vasculature of rodent models SIRT1 mediates vasodilatation via eNOS-derived nitric oxide (NO) and scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent studies demonstrated further protective roles of SIRT1 in vascular biology and atherosclerosis. In endothelial cells and macrophages SIRT1 has anti-inflammatory functions by downregulating the expression of various pro-inflammatory cytokines by interfering with the NF-kB signaling pathway. Deacetylation of RelA/p65-NF-kB by SIRT1 in macrophages also suppresses the expression of Lox-1, a scavenger receptor for oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL), thereby preventing macrophage foam cell formation. Moreover, SIRT1 has been shown to regulate the activity of Liver X-receptor (LXR), thereby promoting ABCA1-driven reverse cholesterol transport in plaque macrophages. Finally, SIRT1 suppresses the expression of endothelial tissue factor (coagulation factor III) and hence exerts anti-thrombotic properties. These findings indicate atheroprotective effects of SIRT1 in atherogenesis and highlight the need for translational research from bench-to-bedside. Indeed, SIRT1 activators are available for experimental research and undergo clinical testing. Taken together, these studies suggest SIRT1 activation as a promising therapeutic approach in atherosclerosis. Further studies are necessary to better understand the exact role of SIRT1 in the protagonist cells orchestrating atherogenesis and to identify the specificity, target effects and putative off-target effects of these promising SIRT1 activators.
机译:SIRT1是NAD(+)依赖的III类组蛋白脱乙酰基酶(HDAC),可介导热量限制对各种生物的寿命和代谢途径的影响。它可以使组蛋白和非组蛋白脱乙酰,并靶向具有多种细胞和组织功能的蛋白。在啮齿动物模型的脉管系统中,SIRT1通过eNOS衍生的一氧化氮(NO)和清除活性氧(ROS)介导血管舒张。最近的研究表明SIRT1在血管生物学和动脉粥样硬化中具有进一步的保护作用。在内皮细胞和巨噬细胞中,SIRT1通过干扰NF-kB信号通路下调各种促炎性细胞因子的表达而具有抗炎功能。 SIRT1使巨噬细胞中的RelA / p65-NF-kB脱乙酰基也抑制了Lox-1的表达,Lox-1是氧化型低密度脂蛋白(oxLDL)的清道夫受体,从而阻止了巨噬细胞泡沫细胞的形成。此外,SIRT1已被证明可调节肝X受体(LXR)的活性,从而促进斑块巨噬细胞中ABCA1驱动的胆固醇逆向转运。最后,SIRT1抑制了内皮组织因子(凝血因子III)的表达,因此发挥了抗血栓形成的特性。这些发现表明SIRT1在动脉粥样硬化中具有抗动脉粥样硬化作用,并突出了从平台到床的转化研究的需要。实际上,SIRT1激活剂可用于实验研究并经过临床测试。综上所述,这些研究表明SIRT1激活是动脉粥样硬化的一种有前途的治疗方法。有必要进行进一步的研究,以更好地理解SIRT1在协调动脉粥样硬化的主角细胞中的确切作用,并确定这些有希望的SIRT1激活剂的特异性,靶作用和推定的脱靶作用。

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