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Reprogramming strategies for the establishment of novel human cancer models

机译：建立新型人类癌症模型的重编程策略

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Cancer comprises heterogeneous cells, ranging from highly proliferative immature precursors to more differentiated cell lineages. The emergence of the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis that they are the cells responsible for resistance, metastasis and secondary tumor appearance identifies these populations as novel obligatory targets for the treatment of cancer. CSCs, like their normal tissue-specific stem cell counterparts, are multipotent, partially differentiated, self-sustaining, yet transformed cells. To date, most studies on CSC biology have relied on the use of murine models and primary human material. In spite of much progress, the use of primary material presents several limitations that limit our understanding of the mechanisms underlying CSC formation, the similarities between normal stem cells and CSCs and ultimately, the possibility for developing targeted therapies. Recently, different strategies for controlling cell fate have been applied to the modeling of human cancer initiation and for the generation of human CSC models. Here we will summarize recent developments in the establishment and application of reprogramming strategies for the modeling of human cancer initiation and CSC formation.
机译：癌症包括异种细胞，范围从高度增殖的未成熟前体到分化程度更高的细胞谱系。癌症干细胞（CSC）假说的出现，即它们是引起耐药性，转移和继发性肿瘤出现的细胞，这些人群将这些人群确定为治疗癌症的新型必不可少的靶标。就像它们的正常组织特异性干细胞类似物一样，CSC是多能，部分分化，自我维持但仍能转化的细胞。迄今为止，关于CSC生物学的大多数研究都依赖于鼠模型和主要人类材料的使用。尽管取得了很大进展，但主要材料的使用仍然存在一些局限性，这些局限性限制了我们对CSC形成的机制，正常干细胞与CSC之间的相似性以及最终开发靶向疗法的理解的了解。近来，用于控制细胞命运的不同策略已被应用于人类癌症起始的建模和人类CSC模型的产生。在这里，我们将总结在人类癌症起始和CSC形成模型重编程策略的建立和应用中的最新进展。

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