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首页> 外文期刊>Cell cycle >The multiple roles of Bub1 in chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis.
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The multiple roles of Bub1 in chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis.

机译：Bub1在有丝分裂和减数分裂过程中在染色体分离中的多重作用。

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Aneuploidy, any deviation from an exact multiple of the haploid number of chromosomes, is a common occurrence in cancer and represents the most frequent chromosomal disorder in newborns. Eukaryotes have evolved mechanisms to assure the fidelity of chromosome segregation during cell division that include a multiplicity of checks and controls. One of the main cell division control mechanisms is the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) that monitors the proper attachment of chromosomes to spindle fibers and prevents anaphase until all kinetochores are properly attached. The mammalian SAC is composed of at least 14 evolutionary-conserved proteins that work in a coordinated fashion to monitor the establishment of amphitelic attachment of all chromosomes before allowing cell division to occur. Among the SAC proteins, the budding uninhibited by benzimidazole protein 1 (Bub1), is a highly conserved protein of prominent importance for the proper functioning of the SAC. Studies have revealed many roles for Bub1 in both mitosis and meiosis, including the localization of other SAC proteins to the kinetochore, SAC signaling, metaphase congression and the protection of sister chromatid cohesion. Recent data show striking sex specific differences in the response of germ cells to alterations in Bub1 activity. Proper Bub1 functioning is particularly important during oogenesis in preventing the generation of aneuploid gametes that can have detrimental effects on the health status of the fetus and the newborn. These data suggest that Bub1 is a master regulator of SAC and chromosomal segregation in both mitosis and meiosis. Elucidating its many essential functions in regulating proper chromosome segregation can have important consequences for preventing tumorigenesis and developmental abnormalities.
机译：非整倍体，即偏离单倍体染色体倍数的任何偏差，在癌症中很常见，代表新生儿中最常见的染色体疾病。真核生物已经进化出机制，以确保细胞分裂过程中染色体分离的保真度，其中包括多种检查和控制。主要的细胞分裂控制机制之一是纺锤体装配检查点（SAC），它可以监视染色体与纺锤体纤维的正确连接，并防止后期分裂，直到所有动植物都正确连接为止。哺乳动物SAC由至少14种进化保守的蛋白质组成，它们以协调的方式起作用，以在允许细胞分裂发生之前监测所有染色体的两性连接。在SAC蛋白中，不受苯并咪唑蛋白1（Bub1）抑制的出芽是高度保守的蛋白，对于SAC的正常运行具有重要意义。研究表明，Bub1在有丝分裂和减数分裂中都有许多作用，包括将其他SAC蛋白定位到动粒，SAC信号传导，中期转化以及对姐妹染色单体凝聚的保护。最新数据显示，生殖细胞对Bub1活性变化的反应中存在明显的性别特异性差异。正确的Bub1功能在卵子发生过程中尤其重要，它可以防止产生可能对胎儿和新生儿的健康状况产生不利影响的非整倍体配子。这些数据表明，Bub1是有丝分裂和减数分裂中SAC和染色体分离的主要调控因子。阐明其在调节适当的染色体分离中的许多基本功能可能对预防肿瘤发生和发育异常具有重要意义。

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