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首页> 外文期刊>Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders >Basic concepts and recent developments in human steroid hormone biosynthesis.
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Basic concepts and recent developments in human steroid hormone biosynthesis.

机译：人类类固醇激素生物合成的基本概念和最新发展。

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The biosynthesis of steroid hormones requires the coordinated expression of the enzymes that comprise the pathways via which specific hormones are synthesized. These pathways and their associated enzymes are typically subject to regulation consisting of trophic hormone stimuli and feedback mechanisms. Very few tissues contribute substantially to de novo steroidogenesis, primarily the adrenal glands, the gonads, and the placenta. Both the embryonic origins and the signaling mechanisms for the adrenals and gonads are similar, and steroid synthesis in these two glands are the major focus of this review. We will further describe peripheral steroid metabolism and the regulation of steroid hormone potency in target tissues. In addition, we will briefly discuss the congenital adrenal hyperplasias to illustrate the principles developed in the initial sections. Finally, we will discuss some recent developments in steroidogensis, focusing on cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase deficiency and the alternate or "backdoor" pathway to dihydrotestosterone. We will conclude with a description of aberrant signaling mechanisms observed in adrenal tumors as a further example of how these pathways can be disturbed in pathologic states.
机译：类固醇激素的生物合成需要酶的协调表达，这些酶包括合成特定激素的途径。这些途径及其相关的酶通常受到包括营养激素刺激和反馈机制的调节。很少有组织对初生类固醇的生成有实质性贡献，主要是肾上腺，性腺和胎盘。肾上腺和性腺的胚胎起源和信号传导机制都相似，这两个腺体中的类固醇合成是本文的重点。我们将进一步描述外周类固醇的代谢和靶组织中类固醇激素效力的调节。此外，我们将简要讨论先天性肾上腺增生，以说明在最初部分中发展的原理。最后，我们将讨论类固醇形成的一些最新进展，重点是细胞色素P450氧化还原酶缺乏症和二氢睾丸激素的替代或“后门”途径。我们将以在肾上腺肿瘤中观察到的异常信号传导机制的描述作为结论，作为在病理状态下如何干扰这些途径的又一个例子。

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