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Climate Change Technologies for Improved Livelihoods of Smallholder Crop-Livestock Farmers in Eastern and Central Africa

机译：气候变化技术改善了东部和中部非洲小农户农牧民的生计

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The productivity of smallholder crop-livestock production systems in Eastern and Central Africa is threatened by adverse effects of climate change; with severe consequences on livestock feeds, water and household livelihoods. A project was implemented in Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and Burundi during 2009-2011, to promote utilisation of drought tolerant forages, rain water harvesting, and use of soil fertility enhancements as coping mechanisms against climate change shocks, especially in the dairy-vegetable production systems. Drought tolerant forages that were evaluated and promoted included Brachiaria hybrid cv. Mulato (Brachiaria) and Pennisetum purpureum intercropped with forage legumes. Livestock manures from the farms were utilised to replenish soil fertility for vegetable production. Rain water was harvested for domestic and livestock uses and to drip irrigate vegetable (cabbage) grown on plots amended with either goat, cattle or poultry manure. The project involved 280 smallholder dairy-vegetable production system farms, most of which had women as key players. The trials were laid out in a randomised complete block design, with 3 replications. This paper presents data for one site, namely Masaka in Uganda. From the study, introducing 0.5 ha of a mixture of Brachiaria and Clitoria ternatea on farms previously dependent on 0.5 ha of P. purpureum and Centrosema pubecens mixture, provided year round feed supply to dairy cattle. Drought tolerant forages and water harvesting technologies increased fodder availability (76%), water offered to animals (46.3%), milk yield (78.7%) and cash incomes (52.4%). Application of goat, cattle and poultry manure with drip irrigation significantly (P<0.05) increased cabbage yield by 9%, 49% and 95%, respectively. In conclusion, integrated management of climate change adaptation technologies in dairy-vegetable production systems improved food security and income. Relevant policies should be bolstered to enhance adoption of climate change coping technologies, as a strategy for improving livelihoods.
机译：东部和中部非洲小农作物－畜牧生产系统的生产力受到气候变化不利影响的威胁;对牲畜饲料，水和家庭生计造成严重后果。 2009-2011年期间在乌干达，肯尼亚，坦桑尼亚和布隆迪实施了一个项目，以促进耐旱草料的利用，雨水收集以及增强土壤肥力作为应对气候变化冲击的应对机制，特别是在乳制品蔬菜生产中系统。评估和推广的耐旱性饲草包括腕足杂种。穆拉托（Brachiaria）和狼尾草（Penensetum purpureum）间作饲用豆类。农场的牲畜粪便被用来补充土壤肥力，以生产蔬菜。收集雨水用于家庭和畜牧业，并滴灌在用山羊，牛或家禽粪便改良的地块上种植的蔬菜（白菜）。该项目涉及280个小农户的奶牛-蔬菜生产系统农场，其中大多数以妇女为主要角色。试验以随机完整区组设计进行，重复3次。本文介绍了一个站点，即乌干达的Masaka的数据。根据这项研究，在以前依赖于0.5公顷的紫脓牛和CENTCENTosema pubecens混合物的养殖场中引入了0.5公顷的腕带和Clitoria ternatea混合物，为奶牛提供了全年的饲料供应。耐旱草料和集水技术提高了饲料利用率（76％），提供给动物的水（46.3％），牛奶产量（78.7％）和现金收入（52.4％）。滴灌方式施用山羊，牛和家禽粪便显着（P <0.05）分别使白菜产量提高了9％，49％和95％。总而言之，对奶牛蔬菜生产系统中的气候变化适应技术进行综合管理改善了粮食安全和收入。应加强相关政策，以加强对气候变化应对技术的采用，以此作为改善生计的战略。

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