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首页> 外文期刊>Cell cycle >Developmentally programmed endoreduplication in animals.
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Developmentally programmed endoreduplication in animals.

机译：在动物体内发育发育的子宫内膜复制。

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摘要

Development of a fertilized egg into an adult human requires trillions of cell divisions, the vast majority of which duplicate their genome once and only once. Nevertheless, trophoblast giant cells and megakaryocytes in mammals circumvent this rule by duplicating their genome multiple times without undergoing cell division, a process generally referred to as 'endoreduplication'. In contrast, arthropods such as Drosophila endoreduplicate their genome in most larval tissues, as well as in many adult tissues. Endoreduplication requires that cells prevent entrance into or completion of mitosis and cytokinesis under conditions that permit assembly of prereplication complexes. In addition, cells must prevent induction of apoptosis in response to incomplete DNA replication or DNA damage that may occur during the ensuing sequence of 'endocycles'. Thus, developmentally regulated endoreduplication results in terminal cell differentiation. Recent progress has revealed both differences and similarities in the mechanisms employed by flies and mammals to change from mitotic cell cycles to 'endocycles'. The critical step, however, appears to be switching from a CDK-dependent form of the anaphase promoting complex (APC) to one that functions only in the absence of CDK activity.
机译：将受精卵发育为成年人类需要数万亿个细胞分裂，其中绝大多数细胞仅一次复制其基因组。然而，哺乳动物中的滋养层巨细胞和巨核细胞通过多次复制其基因组而不经历细胞分裂来规避这一规则，这一过程通常称为“内复制”。相比之下，节肢动物（如果蝇）会在大多数幼虫组织以及许多成年组织中内消灭其基因组。核内复制需要细胞在允许复制前复合物组装的条件下防止进入或完成有丝分裂和胞质分裂。另外，细胞必须防止由于随后的“内循环”序列可能发生的不完整的DNA复制或DNA损伤而诱导凋亡。因此，发育调控的核内复制可导致终末细胞分化。最近的进展表明，果蝇和哺乳动物从有丝分裂细胞周期转变为“内循环”的机制既有差异，又有相似性。然而，关键步骤似乎是从依赖CDK的后期促进复合物（APC）形式转变为仅在没有CDK活性的情况下起作用的形式。

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