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The impact of avalanche rescue devices on survival.

机译：雪崩救援设备对生存的影响。

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BACKGROUND: Within Europe and North America, the median annual mortality from snow avalanches between 1994 and 2003 was 141. There are two commonly used rescue devices: the avalanche transceiver, which is intended to speed up locating a completely buried person, and the avalanche airbag, which aims to prevent the person from being completely buried. OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate whether these avalanche rescue devices had an effect on mortality. METHODS: The study population was 1504 persons who were involved in 752 avalanches either in Switzerland from 1990 to 2000 and from 2002 to 2003 (1296 persons, 86.2%) or in Austria from 1998 to 2004 (208 persons, 13.8%). RESULTS: Persons equipped with an avalanche airbag had a lower chance of dying (2.9% versus 18.9%; P=0.026, OR 0.09, n=1504). In persons who were completely buried, without visible or audible signs at the surface and who did not rescue themselves (n=317), we found a lower median duration of burial (25min versus 125min; P<0.001) and mortality (55.2% versus 70.6%; P<0.001, OR 0.26) in those using an avalanche transceiver than in those not using the device. CONCLUSIONS: Our data showed that both the avalanche airbag and the avalanche transceiver reduce mortality. However, to improve the evaluation of rescue devices in the future, the data collection procedures should be reviewed and prospective trials should be considered, as the reliability of retrospective studies is limited.
机译：背景：在欧洲和北美，1994年至2003年期间雪崩的年平均死亡率为141。有两种常用的救援设备：雪崩收发器和雪崩安全气囊，雪崩收发器用于加快找到完全被掩埋的人的位置， ，目的是防止人被完全掩埋。目的：这项回顾性研究旨在评估这些雪崩救援设备是否对死亡率产生影响。方法：研究人口为1990年至2000年和2002年至2002年在瑞士发生的752次雪崩中的1504人（1296人，占86.2％）或1998年至2004年在奥地利（208人，13.8％）。结果：装有雪崩安全气囊的人死亡的机会较低（2.9％比18.9％; P = 0.026，或0.09，n = 1504）。在完全被掩埋，表面没有可见或可听见的迹象且无法自救的人中（n = 317），我们发现较低的埋葬时间（25min vs 125min; P <0.001）和死亡率（55.2％vs.与不使用雪崩收发器的用户相比，使用雪崩收发器的用户占70.6％; P <0.001，或0.26）。结论：我们的数据表明，雪崩安全气囊和雪崩收发器均可降低死亡率。但是，由于回顾性研究的可靠性受到限制，因此，为了将来改进对救援设备的评估，应审查数据收集程序并考虑进行前瞻性试验。

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