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Human Exposure, Biomarkers, and Fate of Organotins in the Environment

机译:人类暴露,环境中的生物标志物和有机锡的命运

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Organotin compounds (OTCs) are organic derivatives of tin (Sn4+) and are characterized by the presence of covalent bonds between three carbon atoms and a tin atom. The organotins are designated as mono-, di-, tri-, or tetra-organotin compounds and have the general formula O-C4H9), Sn-X, where X is an anion or a group linked covalently through a hetero-atom (Dubey and Roy 2003; Okoro et al. 2011). Organotin pollution in the aquatic environment is of global concern; two tri-organotin compound groups, the tributyltins and triphenyltins, are toxic to aquatic life (Fent 1996) and are used worldwide not only as biocides in antifouling paints but also as preserving agents for wood and timber, and as agricultural fungicides. These uses result in direct release to water, with consequential uptake and accumulation in aquatic fauna (Harino et al. 2000).
机译:有机锡化合物(OTC)是锡(Sn4 +)的有机衍生物,其特征是三个碳原子和一个锡原子之间存在共价键。有机锡被指定为单,二,三或四有机锡化合物,并具有通式O-C4H9),Sn-X,其中X是阴离子或通过杂原子共价连接的基团(Dubey和Roy,2003年; Okoro等,2011年)。水生环境中的有机锡污染是全球关注的问题;两个三有机锡化合物,三丁基锡和三苯基锡,对水生生物有毒(Fent 1996),不仅在防污漆中用作杀生物剂,而且还用作木材和木材的防腐剂以及农业杀真菌剂。这些用途导致直接释放到水中,从而在水生动物中吸收和积累(Harino et al。2000)。

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