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Novel biological markers of bone: from bone metabolism to bone physiology

机译:骨骼的新型生物标志物:从骨骼代谢到骨骼生理

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Biochemical markers of bone turnover have been used for decades in the management of bone diseases, to assess the prognosis of these conditions and to monitor treatments. The new markers, however, also reflect specific physiological mechanisms in the bone or other organs. Periostin may be more specific to the periosteum; cathepsin K is an osteoclastic enzyme that may be involved in the cardiovascular system and joints; Dickkopf-1 is involved in bone formation and vascular calcification; sclerostin is a major regulator of bone formation in response to mechanical loading and may also play a role in chronic kidney disease bone and mineral disorder; sphingosine-1-phosphate is a lipid mediator interacting with bone resorption. Some of the bone markers are in fact hormones produced by the bone that affect various physiological and pathological functions in other organs. Thus, osteocalcin is produced by osteoblasts and participates in the regulation of insulin sensitivity and fertility in men. Fibroblast growth factor 23 is produced by osteocytes to regulate phosphorus and 1,25(OH)2D3, but it also plays a major role in the adverse consequences of declining renal function, in particular with respect to the myocardium. Micro RNAs are single-stranded RNAs that regulate several pathways, including the development timing, organogenesis, cell apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation. Their serum concentration may reflect the links between bone physiology and certain conditions in other organs, for example, the cardiovascular system.
机译:骨转换的生化标志物已用于骨骼疾病的治疗数十年,用以评估这些疾病的预后并监测治疗情况。但是,新标记还反映了骨骼或其他器官中的特定生理机制。骨膜素可能对骨膜更为特异性。组织蛋白酶K是一种破骨酶,可能参与心血管系统和关节。 Dickkopf-1参与骨形成和血管钙化;硬化蛋白是响应机械负荷的骨形成的主要调节剂,并且还可能在慢性肾脏疾病的骨和矿物质疾病中起作用; 1-磷酸鞘氨醇是与骨吸收相互作用的脂质介体。实际上,某些骨骼标志物是骨骼产生的激素,会影响其他器官的各种生理和病理功能。因此,骨钙素是由成骨细胞产生的,并参与男性对胰岛素敏感性和生育力的调节。成纤维细胞生长因子23是由骨细胞产生的,以调节磷和1,25(OH)2D3,但它在肾功能下降的不良后果中也起着重要作用,尤其是在心肌方面。微小RNA是调节多种途径的单链RNA,包括发育时间,器官发生,细胞凋亡,增殖和分化。它们的血清浓度可能反映了骨骼生理与其他器官(例如心血管系统)某些状况之间的联系。

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