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Flora of Needham, Massachusetts - 100 years of floristic change

机译：马萨诸塞州尼达姆的植物群-植物区系变化100年

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A floristic survey of Needham, Mass. was undertaken in 2000-2002 to compare the floristic diversity of this suburban community with a checklist of the flora compiled in 1885 by a local naturalist and to identify patterns and potential causes of change in floristic biodiversity. I found a modem flora of 628 species, of which 32% are introduced. Although the total number of species remained fairly constant (691 species were present in 1885),43.5% of the native species, including 73 genera and 12 families, have been extirpated. The largest changes in the diversity of native species occurred in the Orchidaceae, with the loss of 85% of the species, and the ferns and other cryptogamic groups, with the loss of 50% of the species, including all taxa in the Ophioglossaceae. Of the extant species, 43% are restricted to one or two sites, and are considered at risk of extirpation. The change in biodiversity appears most closely correlated with the loss of open pasture habitats as a result of both development and succession to shrub or tree-dominated communities.
机译：在2000年至2002年间，对马萨诸塞州尼德姆进行了一次植物学调查，以比较该郊区社区的植物多样性与当地自然学家在1885年编制的植物检核清单，并确定植物多样性变化的模式和潜在原因。我发现了628种现代植物群，其中32％被引入。尽管物种总数保持相当恒定（1885年存在691种），但已消灭了43.5％的本地物种，包括73个属和12个科。天然物种多样性的最大变化发生在兰科，损失了85％，蕨类和其他隐密类群则损失了50％，包括眼镜蛇科的所有分类群。在现存物种中，有43％被限制在一个或两个地点，被认为有灭绝的危险。由于灌木丛或树木为主的社区的发展和演替，生物多样性的变化与开放牧场栖息地的丧失最密切相关。

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