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High performance Na-doped lithium zinc titanate as anode material for Li-ion batteries

机译：高性能钠掺杂钛酸锂锌作为锂离子电池的负极材料

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摘要

A series of Li2-xNaxZnTi3O8 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) are prepared for the first time by a simple solid state method. Upon Na-doping, Rietveld refinement reveals that Na+ takes the 8c tetrahedral sites shared with Li+ and Zn2+ in the structure. Due to the larger ionic radius of Na+ than that of Li+, an increased disorder degree of ion locations in the structure is induced by Na doping. Furthermore, the lithium ion diffusion tunnel is also expanded after Na doping. Thus, higher lithium ion diffusion coefficient can be observed for all the Na-doped Li2ZnTi3O8 samples. However, phase analysis shows that high Na-doping content can result in the formation of impurity in the as-obtained titanates. Besides, the existence of too many Na ions in the spinel also decreases the structural stability. Therefore, Na-doping with low dose is beneficial to improve the electrochemical performance of Li2ZnTi3O8. Electrochemical evaluations show that Li1.95Na0.05ZnTi3O8 has the best lithium storage property among all the Li2-xNaxZnTi3O8. It can be found that Li1.95Na0.05ZnTi3O8 can deliver a reversible capacity of 267.3 mA h g(-1) after 50 cycles. This finding can provide an experimental support to synthesize high performance Ti-based materials by Na doping.
机译：通过简单的固态方法首次制备了一系列Li2-xNaxZnTi3O8（x = 0、0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20）。掺杂Na后，Rietveld精炼显示Na +占据结构中与Li +和Zn2 +共享的8c四面体位点。由于Na +的离子半径大于Li +的离子半径，因此，Na掺杂会导致结构中离子位置的无序度增加。此外，在Na掺杂之后，锂离子扩散隧道也膨胀。因此，对于所有Na掺杂的Li 2 ZnTi 3 O 8样品，可以观察到更高的锂离子扩散系数。但是，相分析表明，高的Na掺杂含量会导致所获得的钛酸盐中形成杂质。此外，尖晶石中钠离子的存在也降低了结构的稳定性。因此，低剂量掺钠有利于提高Li2ZnTi3O8的电化学性能。电化学评估表明，在所有Li2-xNaxZnTi3O8中，Li1.95Na0.05ZnTi3O8具有最佳的锂存储性能。可以发现，Li1.95Na0.05ZnTi3O8在50个循环后可提供267.3 mA h g（-1）的可逆容量。这一发现可以为通过Na掺杂合成高性能Ti基材料提供实验支持。

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