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Butane detection: W-doped TiO2 nanoparticles for a butane gas sensor with high sensitivity and fast response/recovery

机译：丁烷检测：W掺杂的TiO2纳米粒子，用于丁烷气体传感器，具有高灵敏度和快速响应/恢复

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This article describes a new option for butane detection: W-doped TiO2 nanoparticles with high sensitivity and fast response/recovery toward butane, which were obtained from a simple, non-aqueous sol-gel route. The structure, morphology, surface chemical state and specific surface area were analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) and N-2-sorption isotherm, respectively. The obtained products are anatase-type TiO2 with a small grain size (7.5 +/- 1.4 nm) and a high specific surface area (181.15 m(2) g(-1)). Tungsten element presents in the +6 oxidation state. The resistance-temperature measurements indicate that tungsten dopant leads to the decrease in resistance. The as-prepared pure and W-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were used to fabricate gas sensor devices. Gas response toward 3000 ppm butane is increased from 6 to 17.8 through the doping of 5% tungsten. Meanwhile, the response and recovery time toward 3000 ppm butane are as fast as 2 and 12 s, respectively. Moreover, the sensor also possesses low detection limit, good linear dependence, good repeatability and long-term stability, indicating the potential of using W-doped TiO2 nanoparticles for butane gas detection. In addition, a possible mechanism for the enhanced sensitivity of W-doped TiO2 nanoparticles toward butane is also offered.
机译：本文介绍了一种用于丁烷检测的新选项：W掺杂的TiO2纳米颗粒具有高灵敏度和对丁烷的快速响应/回收，这是通过简单的非水溶胶-凝胶途径获得的。通过X射线粉末衍射（XRD），透射电子显微镜（TEM），X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和N-2-吸收等温线分别分析了结构，形态，表面化学状态和比表面积。所获得的产物是具有小的晶粒尺寸（7.5 +/- 1.4 nm）和高的比表面积（181.15 m（2）g（-1））的锐钛矿型TiO2。钨元素以+6氧化态存在。电阻-温度测量表明，钨掺杂剂导致电阻降低。所制备的纯的和掺杂W的TiO 2纳米颗粒被用于制造气体传感器装置。通过掺杂5％的钨，对3000 ppm丁烷的气体响应从6增加到17.8。同时，对3000 ppm丁烷的响应和恢复时间分别快至2 s和12 s。此外，该传感器还具有低检测限，良好的线性依赖性，良好的重复性和长期稳定性，表明使用掺W的TiO2纳米颗粒进行丁烷气体检测的潜力。此外，还提供了可能的机制，以提高W掺杂的TiO2纳米颗粒对丁烷的敏感性。

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