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Recent advances in the synthesis, characterization, and biomedical applications of ultrasmall thiolated silver nanoclusters

机译：超小硫醇化银纳米簇的合成，表征和生物医学应用的最新进展

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With ultrasmall particle sizes of similar to 1 nm, thiolate-protected silver nanoclusters (or thiolated Ag NCs) have recently emerged as an attractive frontier of nanoparticle research because of their unique molecular-like properties, such as well-defined molecular structures, HOMO-LUMO transitions, quantized charging, and strong luminescence. Such intriguing physicochemical properties have made thiolated Ag NCs a new class of promising theranostic agents for a wide spectrum of biomedical applications, such as bioimaging, antimicrobial agents, and disease diagnostics and therapy. In turn, the promising applications of thiolated Ag NCs have also fuelled the cluster community to develop more efficient strategies to synthesize high-quality Ag NCs with well-defined size, structure, and surface. In this review article, we first survey recent advances in developing efficient synthetic strategies for thiolated Ag NCs, highlighting the underlying chemistry that makes the delicate control of their sizes and surfaces possible. In the second section, we discuss recent advances in characterization techniques for ultrasmall thiolated Ag NCs, including their physical, chemical, and biological properties. The emerging characterization techniques are central to the development of cluster chemistry. In the last section, we highlight some examples demonstrating the vast possibilities of thiolated Ag NCs for biomedical applications. We conclude this review article by pointing out some challenging issues related to thiolated Ag NCs, and hopefully these can encourage more concerted efforts on their study from the research communities of cluster chemistry, noble metal chemistry, biology, biomedicine, etc.
机译：具有约1 nm的超小粒径，硫醇盐保护的银纳米团簇（或硫醇化的Ag NCs）最近因其独特的类分子性质（如定义明确的分子结构，HOMO- LUMO跃迁，定量电荷和强发光。如此令人着迷的理化特性使硫醇化的Ag NCs成为一类新的有前途的治疗药物，可用于多种生物医学应用，例如生物成像，抗菌剂以及疾病诊断和治疗。反过来，硫醇化的Ag NCs的有前途的应用也推动了集群社区发展更有效的策略来合成具有明确定义的尺寸，结构和表面的高质量Ag NCs。在这篇评论文章中，我们首先调查了开发有效的硫醇化Ag NCs合成策略的最新进展，重点介绍了使精细控制其尺寸和表面成为可能的基本化学方法。在第二部分中，我们讨论了超小型硫醇化Ag NCs表征技术的最新进展，包括其物理，化学和生物学特性。新兴的表征技术对于簇化学的发展至关重要。在上一节中，我们重点介绍一些实例，这些实例证明了硫醇化的Ag NCs在生物医学应用中的巨大可能性。在总结本文时，我们指出了一些与硫醇化Ag NCs相关的挑战性问题，并希望这些问题能够鼓励来自簇化学，贵金属化学，生物学，生物医学等研究界的共同努力。

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