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The efficient adsorption removal of Cr(VI) by using Fe3O4 nanoparticles hybridized with carbonaceous materials

机译：Fe3O4纳米粒子与含碳材料杂化的有效吸附去除六价铬

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摘要

Fe3O4 nanoparticles hybridized with carbonaceous materials, such as pinecone and graphene, were successfully synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method, which could be applied for Cr(VI) removal in aqueous solution. The nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and N-2 adsorption-desorption isotherms. Due to the combination of pinecone and graphene, both the surface properties and morphologies of Fe3O4 were modified. Fe3O4 spherical particles were distributed and firmly anchored on the loose surface of pinecone or wrinkled graphene layers. The specific surface area increased from 23.85 to 27.86 and 121.17 m(2) g(-1) for Fe3O4/P and Fe3O4/G, respectively. It enhanced the adsorption capacity for Cr(VI) of Fe3O4/P (62.5 mg g(-1)) and Fe3O4/G (78.5 mg g(-1)). Study of the kinetics and isotherms showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models fitted the adsorption data well. There were three steps in the adsorption process, namely an instantaneous adsorption step, intraparticle diffusion and a final equilibrium stage. The reaction rate decreased along with temperature increasing, which indicated that Cr(VI) adsorption was an exothermic process. The Ea values were 34.39, 25.77 and 34.92 kJ mol(-1) for Fe3O4, Fe3O4/P and Fe3O4/G, respectively, which illustrated that the adsorption of Cr(VI) onto the surface of the nanocomposites was a physical process. In no more than 5 h, about 92.6% and 94% Cr(VI) were desorbed from the surface of Fe3O4/P and Fe3O4/G, respectively, which indicated that the adsorption-desorption process for Cr(VI) was reversible. The results demonstrated that Fe3O4/P and Fe3O4/G exhibited excellent adsorption performance in the removal of Cr(VI). It was proved that carbonaceous materials, such as pinecone or graphene, could enhance the adsorption performance of Fe3O4, and could be used as adsorbents to remove heavy metals in industrial effluents.
机译：通过简便的水热法成功合成了与松果烯和石墨烯等含碳材料杂交的Fe3O4纳米颗粒，可用于水溶液中Cr（VI）的去除。通过X射线衍射（XRD），扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和N-2吸附-解吸等温线对纳米复合材料进行了表征。由于松果酮和石墨烯的结合，Fe3O4的表面性质和形貌都得到了改性。 Fe3O4球形颗粒分布并牢固地锚固在松果胶层或起皱的石墨烯层的松散表面上。 Fe3O4 / P和Fe3O4 / G的比表面积分别从23.85增加到27.86和121.17 m（2）g（-1）。它增强了Fe3O4 / P（62.5 mg g（-1））和Fe3O4 / G（78.5 mg g（-1））对Cr（VI）的吸附能力。对动力学和等温线的研究表明，拟二级动力学和Langmuir等温线模型很好地拟合了吸附数据。吸附过程包括三个步骤，即瞬时吸附步骤，颗粒内扩散和最终平衡阶段。反应速率随温度的升高而降低，表明Cr（VI）的吸附是放热过程。 Fe3O4，Fe3O4 / P和Fe3O4 / G的Ea值分别为34.39、25.77和34.92 kJ mol（-1），这说明Cr（VI）在纳米复合材料表面的吸附是一个物理过程。在不超过5小时的时间内，分别从Fe3O4 / P和Fe3O4 / G的表面解吸了约92.6％和94％的Cr（VI），这表明Cr（VI）的吸附-解吸过程是可逆的。结果表明，Fe3O4 / P和Fe3O4 / G在去除Cr（VI）方面表现出优异的吸附性能。事实证明，松果酮或石墨烯等碳质材料可以增强Fe3O4的吸附性能，并可用作吸附剂去除工业废水中的重金属。

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