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A review on natural surfactants

机译：天然表面活性剂综述

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Natural surfactants or biosurfactants are amphiphilic biological compounds, usually extracellular, produced by a variety of microorganisms from various substances including waste materials. There is increasing interest on this topic because of their unique properties such as low toxicity, functionality under extreme conditions, based on renewable substances and biologically degradable nature. The diversity of these molecules supports their potential application in the field of petroleum, medicine, agriculture, food, cosmetics etc. They are also effective in curtailing the green-house effect by reducing the emission of CO2. They can be termed as 'green' because of their low toxicity, biodegradability and relative stability under a wide range of physicochemical environments. In spite of possessing diverse structures and better physicochemical properties than chemical surfactants, biosurfactants are not able to compete with their synthetic counterparts because of their high production & downstream costs. The commercial realization of these eco-friendly biomolecules is restricted by low productivity, expensive downstream processing and lack of appropriate understanding of the bioreactor systems for their production. But we expect that in future better reactor design and product recovery technology would be developed and overproducer microbial strain would be screened. Then production cost would be decreased and yield would be increased i.e. the production would be both ecologically & economically favored. The present review deals with an overall view on biosurfactants, their properties, advantages & disadvantages, production, characterization, application along with a recommendation for future research.
机译：天然表面活性剂或生物表面活性剂是两亲性生物化合物，通常在细胞外，由多种微生物从包括废物在内的各种物质中产生。由于其独特的特性，例如低毒性，在极端条件下的功能性（基于可再生物质和可生物降解的性质），因此对该主题的兴趣日益增长。这些分子的多样性支持它们在石油，医药，农业，食品，化妆品等领域的潜在应用。它们还通过减少CO2的排放有效地减少了温室效应。由于它们在广泛的物理化学环境下的低毒性，可生物降解性和相对稳定性，因此可以被称为“绿色”。尽管表面活性剂比化学表面活性剂具有多种多样的结构和更好的物理化学性能，但由于它们的高生产成本和下游成本，它们无法与合成表面活性剂竞争。这些生态友好型生物分子的商业实现受到生产率低下，昂贵的下游加工以及对用于其生产的生物反应器系统缺乏适当了解的限制。但是我们希望在将来能够开发出更好的反应堆设计和产品回收技术，并筛选出过量生产的微生物菌株。然后将降低生产成本，增加产量，即在生态和经济上都有利于生产。本文对生物表面活性剂，其特性，优缺点，生产，表征，应用以及对未来研究的建议进行了全面的论述。

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