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Complete dissipation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by in-vessel composting

机译：箱内堆肥完全消散2,4,6-三硝基甲苯

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摘要

We demonstrate complete removal of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in 15 days using an in-vessel composting system, which is amended with TNT-degrading bacteria strains. A mixture of TNT, food waste, manure, wood chips, soil and TNT-degrading bacteria consortium are co-composted for 15 days in an aerobic environment. Variations in the TNT degradation rates are assessed when composting reactors are operated at different carbonitrogen ratios (C/N), aeration rates, TNT concentrations and TNT-degrading bacteria inoculum loads. Changes in TNT concentrations are measured using high performance liquid chromatography, and C/N are determined using elemental analysis every 5 days. Temperature and moisture of the system are measured every 6 hours. Optimum TNT degradation performance is achieved by combining C/N of 20/1 and a 5 L min(-1) aeration rate. Complete removal is achieved for TNT concentrations of 2, 10, and 100 g kg(-1) in 15 days by the help of Citrobacter murliniae STE10, Achromobacter spanius STE11, Kluyvera cryocrescens STE12, and Enterobacter amnigenus STE13 bacteria strains. The final products of composting are used to cultivate four different plant seedlings for 10 weeks and showed no toxic effect, which is promising for the potential agricultural use of TNT-contaminated lands after remediation.
机译：我们展示了使用船内堆肥系统在15天内完全去除2,4,6-三硝基甲苯（TNT），该系统已通过降解TNT的细菌菌株进行了改良。将TNT，食物残渣，肥料，木屑，土壤和降解TNT的细菌财团的混合物在有氧环境中混合15天。当堆肥反应堆在不同的碳/氮比（C / N），曝气速率，TNT浓度和降解TNT的细菌接种量下运行时，会评估TNT降解速率的变化。使用高效液相色谱法测量TNT浓度的变化，并每5天使用元素分析法测定C / N。系统每6小时测量一次温度和湿度。通过将C / N为20/1和5 L min（-1）曝气速率相结合，可以获得最佳的TNT降解性能。在15天之内，借助柠檬酸杆菌STE10，西班牙无色杆菌STE11，克鲁维酵母STE12和羊肠肠杆菌STE13细菌菌株，可以完全去除2、10和100 g kg（-1）的TNT浓度。堆肥的最终产品用于在四个不同的植物幼苗上种植10周，并且没有毒性作用，这有望为整治后TNT污染土地的潜在农业利用提供希望。

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