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Scalable synthesis of porous silicon/carbon microspheres as improved anode materials for Li-ion batteries

机译：多孔硅/碳微球的可扩展合成，作为锂离子电池的改良阳极材料

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We report the scalable synthesis of porous Si/C microspheres (PSCMs) by a spray drying process using carbon black (CB) or graphitized carbon black (GCB) nanoparticles as the primary carbon source, Si nanoparticles as the active additive, and sucrose as the binder, followed by a heat treatment at 900 degrees C. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption, thermogravimetric analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that the PSCMs have a particle size range of 5-20 mu m, and those composed of GCB and 5 wt% Si nanoparticles (named GCBSi5) display improved electrochemical performance. As can be observed, GCBSi5 delivered a reversible capacity of 483 mA h g(-1) at the current density of 50 mA g(-1) after 100 cycles, which is much higher than that of the commercial graphite microspheres (GMs; 344 mA h g(-1)). More importantly, GCBSi5 exhibited excellent rate performance, for example, its capacity is around 435 and 380 mA h g(-1) at the current densities of 500 and 1000 mA g(-1), respectively, which is much higher than those of GMs (200 and 100 mA h g(-1)). These enhanced electrochemical properties should correlate with its porous structure that can significantly suppress the aggregation and volume expansion/contraction of the Si nanoparticles and speed up Li ion diffusion. In addition, the introduction of GCB and carbon matrix interconnected with hard carbon derived from sucrose can enhance the electronic conductivity. This work demonstrates the feasibility of the large-scale and low-cost production of Si/C anode composites for Li-ion batteries.
机译：我们报告了通过喷雾干燥工艺使用炭黑（CB）或石墨化炭黑（GCB）纳米粒子作为主要碳源，Si纳米粒子作为活性添加剂以及蔗糖作为可扩展合成多孔硅/碳微球（PSCM）的可扩展性。粘合剂，然后在900摄氏度下进行热处理。通过X射线衍射，透射电子显微镜，扫描电子显微镜，氮气吸附，热重分析和拉曼光谱对样品进行表征。发现PSCM的粒径范围为5-20μm，并且由GCB和5wt％的Si纳米颗粒（称为GCBSi5）组成的PSCM显示出改善的电化学性能。可以观察到，在经过100个循环之后，GCBSi5在50 mA g（-1）的电流密度下提供了483 mA hg（-1）的可逆容量，这远高于商业石墨微球（GMs; 344 mA） hg（-1））。更重要的是，GCBSi5具有出色的速率性能，例如，在电流密度分别为500和1000 mA g（-1）时，容量分别约为435和380 mA hg（-1），远高于GMs。 （200和100 mA hg（-1））。这些增强的电化学性能应与其多孔结构相关联，该多孔结构可以显着抑制Si纳米颗粒的聚集和体积膨胀/收缩，并加速Li离子扩散。另外，引入GCB和与衍生自蔗糖的硬碳互连的碳基质可以增强电子电导率。这项工作证明了大规模和低成本生产用于锂离子电池的Si / C阳极复合材料的可行性。

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