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Characterization of polysaccharide from longan pulp as the macrophage stimulator

机译：龙眼果肉中多糖作为巨噬细胞刺激剂的表征

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Longan is one of the most popular subtropical fruits in Southeast Asia, because of its flavor and benefits to health. As one of the important active ingredients of longan pulp, polysaccharide LPIIa was obtained by hot water extraction, ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. Its physicochemical characterization and immunostimulatory effects on macrophages were then investigated. Structural analyses indicated that LPIIa was a 44.7 kDa heteropolysaccharide mainly composed of -> 6)-Glc-(1 ->, -> 5)-Ara-(1 ->, -> 4)-Man-(1 -> and -> 6)-Gal-(1 ->. It enhanced macrophage phagocytosis and nitric oxide production in the dose range of 100-400 mu g mL(-1). Moreover, it significantly increased the inducible nitric oxide synthase activity, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 secretion of macrophages at 200 mu g mL(-1). However, these effects were obviously weakened after toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) or TLR2 was blocked. Likewise, the specific inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), protein kinase C, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, protein tyrosine kinase and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) selectively depressed the immunostimulatory activities of LPIIa on macrophages. LPIIa stimulated macrophage activation partly via TLR4 and TLR2, followed by p38 MAPK- and NF-kappa B-dependent signaling pathways. The results suggested that LPIIa possessed potent immunomodulatory activity by stimulating macrophages and could be used as an immunotherapeutic adjuvant.
机译：龙眼是东南亚最受欢迎的亚热带水果之一，因为它的味道和对健康的好处。作为龙眼肉的重要活性成分之一，多糖LPIIa通过热水提取，离子交换层析和凝胶过滤层析得到。然后研究其对巨噬细胞的理化特性和免疫刺激作用。结构分析表明，LPIIa是44.7kDa的杂多糖，主要由-> 6）-Glc-（1->，-> 5）-Ara-（1->，-> 4）-Man-（1->和-组成。 > 6）-Gal-（1->。在100-400μgmL（-1）的剂量范围内能增强巨噬细胞的吞噬作用和一氧化氮的产生，此外，它还显着提高了诱导型一氧化氮合酶活性，肿瘤坏死因子200μg mL（-1）时巨噬细胞的α-α和白细胞介素6分泌，但是，在阻断了toll样受体4（TLR4）或TLR2后，这些作用明显减弱了;同样，p38促分裂原激活剂的特异性抑制剂蛋白激酶（MAPK），蛋白激酶C，磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶，蛋白酪氨酸激酶和核因子κB（NF-κB）选择性抑制LPIIa对巨噬细胞的免疫刺激活性，LPIIa部分通过TLR4和TLR2刺激巨噬细胞活化。通过p38 MAPK和NF-κB依赖的信号通路，结果表明LPIIa具有p通过刺激巨噬细胞具有潜在的免疫调节活性，可用作免疫治疗佐剂。

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