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Magnesium-based systems for carbon dioxide capture, storage and recycling: from leaves to synthetic nanostructured materials

机译：基于镁的二氧化碳捕集，存储和再循环系统：从叶子到合成的纳米结构材料

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摘要

A steep rise of carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere is one of the main causes of global warming. This increase is ascribed to the fact that, since the beginning of the industrial revolution, natural processes for CO2 sequestration are no longer able to cope with the excess of CO2 produced by anthropogenic activities. In recent years, research has been focused on defining artificial CO2 cycles to support the natural one. The element magnesium is used in this review as leitmotif to explore the majority of systems involved in each step of the natural and artificial CO2 cycles (separation, storage, sequestration or recycling). Magnesium is in fact ubiquitous, being present in the mesosphere as global layers, on the Earth's surface in the most important enzyme for carbon fixation (Rubisco) and in silicates that constitute the major part of rocks, where CO2 is sequestered through natural weathering. For what concerns synthetic materials, zeolites, metal-supported particles and metal-organic frameworks are only a few of the systems considered in the literature. The intent of this review is to connect different fields of study to create an interdisciplinary review in the chemistry domain. Research outlooks are suggested for the different fields. In the end, a qualitative analysis of the advantages and limits of different processes and a rough estimate of their potential are given in terms of the time needed to reduce the atmospheric CO2 level. Although economical, political and health evaluations would be also necessary, this analysis indicates that forestation could be a possible winning solution in the short-middle term for lowering the atmospheric CO2 concentration.
机译：大气中二氧化碳含量的急剧上升是全球变暖的主要原因之一。这种增加归因于以下事实：自工业革命开始以来，隔离二氧化碳的自然过程已不再能够应对人为活动产生的过量二氧化碳。近年来，研究一直集中在定义人造二氧化碳循环以支持自然循环。在本综述中，镁元素用作主旋律，以探讨自然和人工CO2循环（分离，储存，封存或循环利用）每个步骤所涉及的大多数系统。实际上，镁无处不在，作为中枢层存在于中层，是地球上最重要的固碳酶（Rubisco）和构成岩石主要部分的硅酸盐中的硅酸盐，其中的CO2通过自然风化被隔离。对于合成材料而言，沸石，金属负载颗粒和金属有机骨架只是文献中考虑的少数系统。这篇综述的目的是联系不同的研究领域，以创建化学领域的跨学科综述。建议针对不同领域的研究前景。最后，根据减少大气中二氧化碳水平所需的时间，对不同过程的优势和局限性进行了定性分析，并对其潜力进行了粗略估算。尽管也需要进行经济，政治和健康方面的评估，但该分析表明，在短期中期，造林可能是降低大气中CO2浓度的一个成功方案。

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