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首页> 外文期刊>RSC Advances >Palladium nanoparticles on noncovalently functionalized graphene-based heterogeneous catalyst for the Suzuki-Miyaura and Heck-Mizoroki reactions in water
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Palladium nanoparticles on noncovalently functionalized graphene-based heterogeneous catalyst for the Suzuki-Miyaura and Heck-Mizoroki reactions in water

机译：非共价官能化石墨烯非均相催化剂上的钯纳米粒子用于水中的Suzuki-Miyaura和Heck-Mizoroki反应

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摘要

We describe here a methodology to synthesize a reusable heterogeneous catalyst based on palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) supported on noncovalently functionalized graphene using 1-pyrene carboxylic acid. This can be used efficiently for Suzuki-Miyaura and Heck-Mizoroki reactions in water up to five cycles, providing excellent yields with high selectivity of cross coupled products. It is also useful for more challenging substrates like electron-rich and electron-poor bromoarenes and chloroarenes which resulted in good isolated yields (alkenes and biphenyls) in pure water. Use of functionalized graphene in the catalyst preparation improved the dispersion of it in water medium and also acted as a stabilizing agent for the Pd NPs. The percentage of metal loading in the catalyst and its thermal stability were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and thermo gravimetric analysis respectively. The composite formation was confirmed by X-ray diffraction patterns, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The surface elemental composition with oxidation state was determined by UV-visible and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The size and morphology of the Pd NPs on the functionalized graphene sheets were directly observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy.
机译：我们在这里描述了一种方法，该方法基于使用1- 1-羧酸在非共价官能化石墨烯上负载的钯纳米颗粒（Pd NPs）合成可重复使用的非均相催化剂。它可以有效地用于水中的Suzuki-Miyaura和Heck-Mizoroki反应（最多五个循环），提供优异的收率和高选择性的交叉偶联产物。它也可用于更具挑战性的底物，例如富电子和电子贫乏的溴代芳烃和氯代芳烃，这些纯净水中可产生良好的分离收率（烯烃和联苯）。在催化剂制备中使用官能化石墨烯改善了其在水介质中的分散性，并且还充当了Pd NP的稳定剂。分别通过电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法和热重分析法确定催化剂中金属负载量的百分比及其热稳定性。通过X射线衍射图，傅立叶变换红外光谱和拉曼光谱确认了复合物的形成。通过紫外可见光和X射线光电子能谱确定具有氧化态的表面元素组成。通过透射电子显微镜直接观察功能化石墨烯片上的Pd NPs的尺寸和形态。

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