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Utilization of shape-controlled nanoparticles as catalysts with enhanced activity and selectivity

机译：利用形状控制的纳米颗粒作为催化剂，具有增强的活性和选择性

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摘要

Shape-controlled nanoparticles with well-defined facets can be used as heterogeneous catalysts with enhanced activity and selectivity. The surface crystalline structure has a significant effect on the surface reaction, and shape control can be a way to obtain a desirable surface structure to improve the catalytic properties of nanoparticles. The shape of the nanoparticle can be formed by controlling the nucleation and overgrowth steps. Surface-capping agents are typically used to prevent aggregation of the nanoparticles during the overgrowth, but the subsequent treatment for their removal should be performed carefully. The extent of surface cleanness and the type of organic remnant can yield different catalytic properties. The surface agents, however, can also contribute to modulating the electronic structure or oxidation state of the surface, inducing improved catalytic activity and durability. Examples showing enhancements in the activity and selectivity of shape-controlled nanoparticles with well-defined facets are presented in this review, including electrocatalytic reactions, coupling reactions of organic compounds, water-gas shift reactions, CO oxidation, reforming reactions, and photocatalytic reactions. The well-defined facets control the adsorption of reactants to the surface, bond cleavage at the surface, desorption of products from the surface, and degree of surface-poisoning, resulting in enhanced activity and selectivity. However, the issues of shape preservation and mass production should be addressed further to apply the shaped nanoparticles in practical applications.
机译：具有明确刻面的形状可控的纳米粒子可用作具有增强的活性和选择性的多相催化剂。表面晶体结构对表面反应具有显着影响，并且形状控制可以是获得期望的表面结构以改善纳米颗粒的催化性能的方式。纳米颗粒的形状可以通过控制成核和过度生长步骤来形成。表面封端剂通常用于防止纳米粒子在过度生长过程中聚集，但是随后对其进行的去除处理应谨慎进行。表面清洁程度和有机残余物的类型会产生不同的催化性能。然而，表面剂也可有助于调节表面的电子结构或氧化态，从而引起改善的催化活性和耐久性。这篇综述介绍了一些实例，这些实例显示了具有明确定义的刻面的形状可控的纳米颗粒的活性和选择性增强，包括电催化反应，有机化合物的偶联反应，水煤气变换反应，CO氧化，重整反应和光催化反应。定义明确的小平面可控制反应物在表面的吸附，表面的键裂解，产品从表面的解吸以及表面中毒的程度，从而提高活性和选择性。然而，形状保留和大量生产的问题应进一步解决，以将成形的纳米颗粒应用于实际应用。

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