METAL-CUTTING TOOLS: MODELING THE TOOL WEAR PROCESS WITH INTEGRAL OPERATORS

V. L. Zakovorotnyi; A. D. Lukyanov; D. A. Voloshin; M. B. Flek

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METAL-CUTTING TOOLS: MODELING THE TOOL WEAR PROCESS WITH INTEGRAL OPERATORS

机译：金属切削刀具：使用集成算子对刀具磨损过程进行建模

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Following the motion separation principle, we introduce the aggregated phase coordinates (APCs), for which we shall approximate the kernels of the operators of the type (2). With the introduction of the APCs, it is necessary to consider that the work and the current power of the dissipative forces manifest two opposing tendencies. On the one hand, they lead to the accumulation of numerous defects on the surface and in the near-surface layer of the CT in the regions of the contact with the chip on the front surface and with the workpiece on the back surface. This is the process of the accumulation of the fatigue defects in the structure of the material of the CT that is determined by the work of the cyclic components of the forces and by the activation of the surface layers that leads to the exchange of mass between the surface of the CT and the ambient medium (for example, as a result of the stimulation of the diffusion processes, the tribochemical reactions, and so on). On the other hand, they also cause positive transformations in the cutting zone, since the dissipative medium that is created leads to increase of the potential barriers and hindering of the energy and mass exchange between the surface of the CT and the ambient medium. Moreover, a certain power of the dissipative forces is required for forming the dissipative forces and maintaining the potential barriers.

机译：遵循运动分离原理，我们引入聚合的相位坐标（APC），为此我们将近似类型（2）的算子的核。随着APC的引入，有必要考虑耗散力的功和当前力量表现出两种相反的趋势。一方面，它们导致在与表面上的切屑和背面上的工件接触的区域中，在CT的表面和近表面层中积累了大量缺陷。这是在CT材料的结构中累积疲劳缺陷的过程，该过程由力的周期性分量的作用以及表面层的激活所决定，从而导致表面之间的质量交换。 CT表面和周围介质（例如，由于刺激了扩散过程，摩擦化学反应等）。另一方面，它们也会在切削区域中引起正向转变，因为生成的耗散介质会导致势垒增加，并阻碍CT表面与周围介质之间的能量和质量交换。而且，为了形成耗散力并保持势垒，需要一定的耗散力功率。

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《Russian engineering research》 |2004年第4期|共4页
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V. L. Zakovorotnyi; A. D. Lukyanov; D. A. Voloshin; M. B. Flek;
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1. METAL-CUTTING TOOLS: MODELING THE TOOL WEAR PROCESS WITH INTEGRAL OPERATORS [J] . V. L. Zakovorotnyi, A. D. Lukyanov, D. A. Voloshin, Russian engineering research . 2004,第4期

机译：金属切削刀具：使用集成算子对刀具磨损过程进行建模
2. Effect of tribooxidation processes on wear and failure of metal-cutting tools [J] . M. Yu. Kulikov, A. V. Starikov, A. V. Antipin Journal of Friction and Wear . 2000,第6期

机译：摩擦氧化工艺对金属切割工具磨损和失效的影响
3. Effect produced by thickness of nanolayers of multilayer composite wear-resistant coating on tool life of metal-cutting tool in turning of steel AISI 321 [J] . Alexey A. Vereschaka, Sergey Grigoriev, Nikolay N. Sitnikov, Procedia CIRP . 2018,第1期

机译：多层复合耐磨涂层纳米层厚度对AISI 321钢车削中金属切削刀具刀具寿命的影响
4. Effect produced by thickness of nanolayers of multilayer composite wear-resistant coating on tool life of metal-cutting tool in turning ofsteelAISI321 [C] . Alexey A.Vereschaka, Sergey Grigoriev, Nikolay N.Sitnikov CIRP International Conference on High Performance Cutting . 2018

机译：多层复合材料耐磨涂层厚度生产的效果在转向时的金属切削工具工具寿命上的厚度
5. Prediction of the wear and evolution of cutting tools in a carbide / titanium-aluminum-vanadium machining tribosystem by volumetric tool wear characterization and modeling. [D] . Kuttolamadom, Mathew Abraham. 2012

机译：通过体积刀具磨损特征和建模，预测硬质合金/钛-铝-钒加工摩擦系统中切削刀具的磨损和演变。
6. Tribological Performance of Micro-Groove Tools of Improving Tool Wear Resistance in Turning AISI 304 Process [O] . Jinxing Wu, Gang Zhan, Lin He, 2020

机译：微槽刀具在车削AISI 304工艺中提高刀具耐磨性的摩擦学性能
7. : "This paper deals with the functionality of the flaked stone assemblages from several Neolithic sites of the NE of the Iberian Peninsula. The chronological framework ranges from the mid-6th to the mid-4th millennium cal. BCE, which corresponds to the Early and Middle Neolithic. This long period ranges from the arrival of the first farming communities in the Iberian Peninsula, around 5600-5500 cal. BCE, to 3600-3500 cal. BCE, two millennia later, when Neolithic communities had stably occupied most of the available territory, from the mountainous areas of the Pyrenees to the coastal areas of the Mediterranean.In this context, the NE of the Iberian Peninsula is one of the areas where a major number of use-wear analyses have been carried out, especially for what concerns the Neolithic period. This is mainly due to the interest shown by the directors of the excavations and by the Spanish use-wear specialists as well; both participated and cooperated in order to enlarge the number of contexts studied, making the NE of the Iberian Peninsula one of the areas of Europe with the largest number of ‘functional studies’. As a result, today we have a reliable picture of the type of lithic tools used by the first farming groups, how they were used, and which needs they were satisfying.The methodology employed for this type of analysis is today broadly shared by most use-wear specialists. A stereoscopic microscope is used together with a reflected-light microscope for the analysis of the archaeological specimens. Afterwards, the observed use-wear traces are compared with the traces from experimental tools. This study primarily made use of the tools preserved at the ‘Traceoteque’ of the Institución Milà y Fontanals of the CSIC of Barcelona.This paper presents the results obtained for the different types of analysed sites and the relative lithic assemblages. In this way, tools from different contexts are compared: open-air sites, caves and rock-shelters, pit-sites, burials, and mining sites. Such a diversity of contexts allowed for the exploration of the existence of recurrences and differences in the functionality of the lithic tools from one site to another. The results obtained have also provided information on some aspects related to the economic processes carried out at the different sites, caves, rock-shelters and open-air contexts. It has been possible to gain fresh data on the types of tasks carried out and their relative importance for each site, their relation with the geographical and environmental context and the natural resources available there. In addition, analysing tools recovered from burials – mainly individual inhumations – provided information on the relationships between the buried individuals and the working tools, in particular exploring the relationships between sex and age patterns and the types of tools deposited as goods.In conclusion, use-wear analysis allowed for the exploration of a variety of issues; from technical aspects related to the production and management of the lithic resources to social aspects related to the subsistence activities and the individuals that carried them out." [O] . Gibaja Bao, Juan Francisco, Mazzucco, Niccolo 2015

机译：：“本文研究了伊比利亚半岛东北部几个新石器时代遗址的片状石材组合的功能。时间框架从公元前6世纪中叶到4世纪中叶，分别对应于早期和早期。新石器时代中期，这段时间的长短是从伊比利亚半岛的第一个农业社区到来，大约在公元前5600-5500 cal，到了两千年后的3600-3500 BCE，当时新石器时代的社区稳定地占据了大部分可用土地。从比利牛斯山脉山区到地中海沿岸地区。在这种情况下，伊比利亚半岛东北部是进行过大量使用磨损分析的地区之一，尤其是在关注方面新石器时代，这主要是由于发掘负责人和西班牙使用服装专家表现出的浓厚兴趣；他们参与和合作以扩大孔蒂的数量xts进行了研究，使伊比利亚半岛的NE成为“功能研究”数量最多的欧洲地区之一。结果，今天我们可以可靠地了解第一批耕作小组使用的石器工具的类型，使用方法以及它们满足的需求。今天，大多数使用方法广泛共享用于这种类型的分析的方法穿专家。立体显微镜与反射光显微镜一起用于分析考古样本。然后，将观察到的使用磨损痕迹与实验工具的痕迹进行比较。这项研究主要利用了巴塞罗那CSIC的米拉·丰塔纳尔研究所的“ Traceoteque”中保存的工具。本文介绍了针对不同类型的分析地点和相对石器组合所获得的结果。通过这种方式，可以比较来自不同环境的工具：露天场所，洞穴和岩石避难所，露天场所，埋葬场所和采矿场所。如此多样的上下文允许探索重复性的存在以及从一个站点到另一个站点的石器工具的功能差异。所获得的结果还提供了与在不同地点，洞穴，避难所和露天环境中进行的经济过程有关的某些方面的信息。可以获得有关所执行任务的类型及其对每个站点的相对重要性，它们与地理和环境环境以及那里可用自然资源的关系的新数据。此外，对从墓葬中回收的工具（主要是个人遗体）进行分析，可提供有关被掩埋的个体与工作工具之间关系的信息，尤其是探索性别与年龄模式之间的关系以及作为商品存放的工具的类型。磨损分析允许探索各种问题；从与石器资源的生产和管理有关的技术方面到与自给活动及其实施者有关的社会方面。”

METAL-CUTTING TOOLS: MODELING THE TOOL WEAR PROCESS WITH INTEGRAL OPERATORS

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