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首页> 外文期刊>Occupational and environmental medicine >Vehicle accidents related to sleep: a review.
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Vehicle accidents related to sleep: a review.

机译：与睡眠有关的车祸：回顾。

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Falling asleep while driving accounts for a considerable proportion of vehicle accidents under monotonous driving conditions. Many of these accidents are related to work--for example, drivers of lorries, goods vehicles, and company cars. Time of day (circadian) effects are profound, with sleepiness being particularly evident during night shift work, and driving home afterwards. Circadian factors are as important in determining driver sleepiness as is the duration of the drive, but only duration of the drive is built into legislation protecting professional drivers. Older drivers are also vulnerable to sleepiness in the mid-afternoon. Possible pathological causes of driver sleepiness are discussed, but there is little evidence that this factor contributes greatly to the accident statistics. Sleep does not occur spontaneously without warning. Drivers falling asleep are unlikely to recollect having done so, but will be aware of the precursory state of increasing sleepiness; probably reaching a state of fighting off sleep before an accident. Self awareness of sleepiness is a better method for alerting the driver than automatic sleepiness detectors in the vehicle. None of these have been proved to be reliable and most have shortcomings. Putative counter measures to sleepiness, adopted during continued driving (cold air, use of car radio) are only effective for a short time. The only safe counter measure to driver sleepiness, particularly when the driver reaches the stage of fighting sleep, is to stop driving, and--for example, take a 30 minute break encompassing a short (< 15 minute) nap or coffee (about 150 mg caffeine), which are very effective particularly if taken together. Exercise is of little use. CONCLUSIONS: More education of employers and employees is needed about planning journeys, the dangers of driving while sleepy, and driving at vulnerable times of the day.
机译：在单调驾驶条件下，开车时入睡占交通事故的很大一部分。这些事故中有许多与工作有关，例如卡车，货车和公司汽车的驾驶员。白天的时间（昼夜节律）影响深远，尤其是在夜班工作期间困倦，此后便开车回家。在确定驾驶员的困倦程度方面，昼夜节律因素与驾驶时间一样重要，但是保护职业驾驶员的法律中仅规定了驾驶时间。年长的驾驶员在午后也容易昏昏欲睡。讨论了驾驶员嗜睡的可能病理原因，但几乎没有证据表明该因素对事故统计有很大贡献。没有警告就不会自发发生睡眠。驾驶员入睡时不太可能记得这样做，但会意识到嗜睡增加的先兆状态。可能在事故发生之前达到了抵制睡眠的状态。与车辆中的自动嗜睡检测器相比，对嗜睡的自我意识是提醒驾驶员的一种更好的方法。这些都没有被证明是可靠的，并且大多数都有缺点。在持续驾驶（冷空气，使用汽车收音机）中采取的应对困倦的假定措施仅在短期内有效。应对驾驶员困倦的唯一安全对策，尤其是当驾驶员进入战斗睡眠状态时，应停止驾驶，并例如休息30分钟，其中包括短时间（少于15分钟）的午睡或咖啡（约150分钟）。毫克咖啡因），非常有效，尤其是一起服用时。运动没什么用。结论：需要对雇主和雇员进行更多的教育，以计划行程，困倦时驾驶的危险以及在一天中脆弱的时间驾驶的危险。

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