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首页> 外文期刊>Occupational and environmental medicine >Definition and assessment of specific occupational demands concerning lifting, pushing, and pulling based on a systematic literature search.
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Definition and assessment of specific occupational demands concerning lifting, pushing, and pulling based on a systematic literature search.

机译：根据系统的文献搜索，定义和评估有关提升，推动和拉动的特定职业需求。

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AIMS: (1) To find a universal strategy for the identification of specific demands of a job or task, focusing on occupations in which there may be an increased risk for health complaints owing to these specific demands. (2) To select reliable and valid tests concerning lifting, pushing, and pulling, which consider the relation between occupational work demands and the assessment of the maximally acceptable load on an individual level. METHODS: Literature search was performed using Medline (1988 to May 2001), Embase (1966 to May 2001), and NIOSHTIC (1971-98). RESULTS: No universal strategy was found for the definition of specific occupational demands. Therefore a "three step strategy" was formulated for defining specific occupational demands in a job or a task in order to prevent health complaints on an individual level. Many tests were found in the literature concerning lifting, but only a few concerning pushing and pulling. None of the tests concerning pushing, pulling, or lifting considered the relation between work demands and the assessment of the maximally acceptable load on an individual level. Furthermore, none of the tests met the criteria of reliability and prognostic value for musculoskeletal complaints completely. Only for the prognostic value of relative strength capacity tests concerning pushing pulling and lifting, did there appear to be limited proof for the development of musculoskeletal complaints. CONCLUSIONS: In general, for the prevention of work related health complaints, it can be suggested that more attention should be paid to: (1) the definition of specific occupational demands; (2) the assessment of specific occupational demands; and (3) the quality of tests for specific occupational demands.
机译：目标：（1）寻找一种通用的策略来识别工作或任务的特定需求，重点是由于这些特定需求而可能增加健康投诉风险的职业。 （2）选择可靠，有效的有关提升，推动和拉动的测试，这些测试要考虑职业工作需求与单个水平上的最大可接受负载评估之间的关系。方法：文献检索使用Medline（1988年至2001年5月），Embase（1966年至2001年5月）和NIOSHTIC（1971-98年）进行。结果：未找到确定特定职业需求的通用策略。因此，制定了“三步策略”来定义工作或任务中的特定职业要求，以防止个人健康问题。在文献中发现了许多有关提升的测试，但只有少数有关推拉的测试。有关推，拉或提升的测试均未考虑工作需求与单个水平上最大可接受负载的评估之间的关系。此外，没有一项测试完全符合肌肉骨骼疾病的可靠性和预后价值标准。仅对于有关推拉和举重的相对强度能力测试的预后价值，对于肌肉骨骼疾病的发展似乎没有足够的证据。结论：总的来说，为预防与工作有关的健康投诉，可以建议应更加注意：（1）特定职业需求的定义; （2）对特定职业需求的评估; （3）针对特定职业需求的测试质量。

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