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首页> 外文期刊>Occupational and environmental medicine >Exposure of pregnant women to tap water related activities.
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Exposure of pregnant women to tap water related activities.

机译：孕妇接触自来水的相关活动。

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BACKGROUND: Evidence for an association between exposure of pregnant women to chlorination disinfection by-products and adverse birth outcomes is inconsistent and inconclusive. AIMS: To evaluate the use of a questionnaire in a population of pregnant women to assess their exposure to water, examine the validity of the questionnaire by a seven day diary, and to obtain a better understanding of the exposure of pregnant women to water in Central London. METHODS: A total of 147 pregnant women were asked to complete a questionnaire. Information was requested on their exposure to water from cooking and washing up, showering and bathing, food and drink, and swimming. Demographic and socioeconomic information were also recorded. For validation purposes, women were asked to complete a seven day diary at home. RESULTS: The average exposure duration was 338.5 min/week for cooking and washing up, 172.2 min/week for bathing and showering, and 67.9 min/month for swimming. The total fluid intake was 18.9 l/week of which, on average, 18% was cold tap water; 30% of this tap water was consumed outside the home. The correlation between questionnaire and diary data was generally good to very good, although women tended to overestimate their exposure in the questionnaire compared to the diary. CONCLUSIONS: Information was obtained on the daily exposure of pregnant women in Central London to chlorinated water at home, work, and elsewhere. The questionnaire was found to be a valid method to assess the exposure of pregnant women to water and the response rate was higher than for diaries.
机译：背景：关于孕妇暴露于氯化消毒副产物与不良出生后果之间关系的证据尚无定论。目的：为了评估在人口众多的孕妇中使用问卷调查的方法，以评估她们的饮水量，通过7天的日记检查问卷的有效性，并更好地了解中部地区孕妇的饮水量伦敦。方法：总共147名孕妇被要求填写问卷。要求提供有关它们在烹饪和洗碗，淋浴和沐浴，食物和饮料以及游泳中所接触的水的信息。还记录了人口和社会经济信息。为了验证目的，要求妇女在家中完成七天的日记。结果：烹饪和洗碗的平均暴露时间为338.5分钟/周，沐浴和淋浴的平均暴露时间为172.2分钟/周，游泳的平均暴露时间为67.9分钟/月。总液体摄入量为18.9升/周，其中平均18％是冷自来水; 30％的自来水在屋外被消耗。问卷和日记数据之间的相关性通常很好，甚至很好，尽管与日记相比，女性倾向于高估自己在问卷中的接触程度。结论：获得了有关伦敦市中心孕妇每天在家庭，工作和其他地方接触氯化水的信息。调查表被认为是评估孕妇暴露于水的有效方法，并且答复率高于日记本。

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