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首页> 外文期刊>Occupational and environmental medicine >Occupational exposure to carcinogens in the European Union.
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Occupational exposure to carcinogens in the European Union.

机译：欧盟职业接触致癌物。

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OBJECTIVES: To construct a computer assisted information system for the estimation of the numbers of workers exposed to established and suspected human carcinogens in the member states of the European Union (EU). METHODS: A database called CAREX (carcinogen exposure) was designed to provide selected exposure data and documented estimates of the number of workers exposed to carcinogens by country, carcinogen, and industry. CAREX includes data on agents evaluated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) (all agents in groups 1 and 2A as of February 1995, and selected agents in group 2B) and on ionising radiation, displayed across the 55 industrial classes. The 1990-3 occupational exposure was estimated in two phases. Firstly, estimates were generated by the CAREX system on the basis of national labour force data and exposure prevalence estimates from two reference countries (Finland and the United States) which had the most comprehensive data available on exposures to these agents. For selected countries, these estimates were then refined by national experts in view of the perceived exposure patterns in their own countries compared with those of the reference countries. RESULTS: About 32 million workers (23% of those employed) in the EU were exposed to agents covered by CAREX. At least 22 million workers were exposed to IARC group 1 carcinogens. The exposed workers had altogether 42 million exposures (1.3 mean exposures for each exposed worker). The most common exposures were solar radiation (9.1 million workers exposed at least 75% of working time), environmental tobacco smoke (7.5 million workers exposed at least 75% of working time), crystalline silica (3.2 million exposed), diesel exhaust (3.0 million), radon (2.7 million), and wood dust (2.6 million). CONCLUSION: These preliminary estimates indicate that in the early 1990s, a substantial proportion of workers in the EU were exposed to carcinogens.
机译：目的：构建一个计算机辅助信息系统，以估计在欧盟（EU）成员国中暴露于已建立的和可疑的人类致癌物的工人人数。方法：设计了一个名为CAREX（致癌物暴露）的数据库，以提供选定的暴露数据，并记录按国家，致癌物和行业分类的暴露于致癌物质的工人人数的估计值。 CAREX包含有关国际癌症研究机构（IARC）评估的药物数据（截至1995年2月的第1和2A组中的所有药物，以及第2B组中的选定药物）和电离辐射的数据，这些数据显示在55个工业类别中。 1990-3年的职业暴露被分两个阶段进行。首先，CAREX系统根据国家劳动力数据和来自两个参考国家（芬兰和美国）的接触流行率估算得出估算值，这两个参考国家拥有有关这些病原体暴露的最全面数据。对于选定的国家，然后由本国专家根据这些国家与参考国家相比的已知暴露方式对这些估计数进行完善。结果：欧盟约有3200万工人（占就业人数的23％）暴露于CAREX覆盖的代理商。至少有2200万工人暴露于IARC第1类致癌物。暴露的工人总共有4200万次暴露（每位暴露工人的平均暴露量为1.3）。最常见的暴露是太阳辐射（910万工人暴露了至少75％的工作时间），环境烟草烟雾（750万工人暴露了至少75％的工作时间），结晶二氧化硅（320万暴露了），柴油机废气（3.0百万），ra（270万）和木屑（260万）。结论：这些初步估计表明，在1990年代初，欧盟有相当一部分工人暴露于致癌物。

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